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- Demand Response Programs Management in an Energy Community with Diversity of AppliancesPublication . Barreto, Rúben; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaThis paper shows the behaviour of a Demand Response program designed to be implemented in Energy Communities, where they take advantage of photovoltaic production. The primary objective is to manage both photovoltaic overproduction and village consumption efficiently. The DR program focuses on looking for consecutive periods that exceed a target peak set by the aggregator after analysing the consumption of the given energy community. The case study includes three villages, where participants are expected to be members of a community. The results are that participants will see a reduction in costs and electricity consumption.
- Evaluation Metrics to Assess the Most Suitable Energy Community End-Users to Participate in Demand ResponsePublication . Barreto, Rúben; Goncalves, Calvin; Gomes, Luis; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaIn the energy sector, prosumers are becoming relevant entities for energy management systems since they can share energy with their citizen energy community (CEC). Thus, this paper proposes a novel methodology based on demand response (DR) participation in a CEC context, where unsupervised learning algorithms such as convolutional neural networks and k-means are used. This novel methodology can analyze future events on the grid and balance the consumption and generation using end-user flexibility. The end-users’ invitations to the DR event were according to their ranking obtained through three metrics. These metrics were energy flexibility, participation ratio, and flexibility history of the end-users. During the DR event, a continuous balancing assessment is performed to allow the invitation of additional end-users. Real data from a CEC with 50 buildings were used, where the results demonstrated that the end-users’ participation in two DR events allows reduction of energy costs by EUR 1.31, balancing the CEC energy resources.
- A Trustworthy Building Energy Management System to Enable Direct IoT Devices’ Participation in Demand Response ProgramsPublication . Teixeira, Nuno; Barreto, Rúben; Gomes, Luis; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaNowadays, internet of things devices are becoming more prominent since they can integrate energy management systems. However, data sharing between end-users and other external entities is a concern that must be addressed to ensure data privacy. Given the above, this paper proposes a trustworthy energy management system for energy communities to enable direct internet of things devices’ participation in demand response programs at the community level. This solution is based on a building energy management system framework that considers signed tokens to maintain end-user data privacy and manage data access. Likewise, this solution can plan future demand response events to balance the consumption and generation, using the internet of things device’s flexibility. The results demonstrated that the planned demand response event for one hour efficiently balanced the energy community energy resources, enabling a reduction of approximately 2.8 kWh. Thus, the proposed solution allows safeguarding data ownership rights while efficiently managing energy resources.
- Scheduling of a textile production line integrating PV generation using a genetic algorithmPublication . Ramos, Carlos; Barreto, Rúben; Mota, Bruno; Gomes, Luis; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaConsidering the technological advances of the industrial sector today, it appears that the management of energy resources has become increasingly prominent. Thus, to make this management more efficient, it is necessary to take into account the production planning and scheduling concept, since it allows influencing the scheduling of production at the level of cost and efficiency. Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a methodology that allows making the best possible scheduling of a textile production line to optimize it. This optimization is elaborated with the help of genetic algorithms, and, as it can be verified in this paper, it is possible to make an optimization of the production line at the level of energy cost or the level of energy consumption or optimization of both. Thus, the case study of this paper is based on a textile production line that produces a variety of products through three machines capable of performing numerous tasks, which can be done on more than one machine. Likewise, this production line enjoys photovoltaic production. This paper presents several case studies that allow for highlighting the impact of the methodology covered in the respective production line, where it is illustrated through different graphics.
- Electric Mobility: An Overview of the Main Aspects Related to the Smart GridPublication . Barreto, Rúben; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaElectric mobility has become increasingly prominent, not only because of the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also because of the proven implementations in the electric and transport sector. This paper, considering the smart grid perspective, focuses on the financial and economic benefits related to Electric Vehicle (EV) management in Vehicle-to-Building (V2B), Vehicle-to-Home (V2H), and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technologies. Vehicle-to-Everything is also approached. The owners of EVs, through these technologies, can obtain revenue from their participation in the various ancillary and other services. Similarly, providing these services makes it possible to increase the electric grid’s service quality, reliability, and sustainability. This paper also highlights the different technologies mentioned above, giving an explanation and some examples of their application. Likewise, it is presented the most common ancillary services verified today, such as frequency and voltage regulation, valley filling, peak shaving, and renewable energy supporting and balancing. Furthermore, it is highlighted the different opportunities that EVs can bring to energy management in smart grids. Finally, the SWOT analysis is highlighted for V2G technology.