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- Valorization of By-Products from Commercial Fish Species: Extraction and Chemical Properties of Skin GelatinsPublication . Sousa, Sérgio; Vázquez, José; Pérez-Martín, Ricardo; Carvalho, Ana; Gomes, AnaFish skins constitute an important fraction of the enormous amount of wastes produced by the fish processing industry, part of which may be valorized through the extraction of gelatins. This research exploited the extraction and characterization of gelatins from the skin of three seawater fish species, namely yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), blue shark (Prionace glauca), and greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). Characterization included chemical composition, rheology, structure, texture, and molecular weight, whereas extraction studies intended to reduce costly steps during extraction process (reagents concentration, water consumption, and time of processing), while maintaining extraction efficiency. Chemical and physical characterization of the obtained gelatins revealed that the species from which the gelatin was extracted, as well as the heat treatment used, were key parameters in order to obtain a final product with specific properties. Therefore, the extraction conditions selected during gelatin production will drive its utilization into markets with well-defined specifications, where the necessity of unique products is being claimed. Such achievements are of utmost importance to the food industry, by paving the way to the introduction in the market of gelatins with distinct rheological and textural properties, which enables them to enlarge their range of applications.
- Use of coffee by-products for the cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo-stramineus and its impact on biological properties of extracts thereofPublication . Freitas, Ana C.; Antunes, Mariana B.; Rodrigues, Dina; Sousa, Sérgio; Amorim, Manuela; Barroso, Maria de Fátima; Carvalho, Ana; Ferrador, Sandra M.; Gomes, Ana M.Incorporating spent coffee grounds (SCGs), a by-product from coffee brewing, in growth substrate of ben-eficial edible mushrooms is an approach that has to be further studied due to its potential positive out-comes: environmental impact mitigation, production costs reduction and beneficial impact on consumerhealth. Hence, cultivation ofPleurotus citrinopileatusandPleurotus salmoneo-stramineuswas tested usingSCG which enabled maximum production yield ofP. citrinopileatuswhich was of 25.1% (w/w). Variableantidiabetic potential was observed between aqueous and enzymatic extracts (3.8%–29% inhibition)regardless species and substrates, whereas aqueous extract ofP. citrinopileatusgrown in substrate withoutSCG stood out presenting the highest antioxidant activity and inhibition activity of angiotensin I-convert-ing enzyme (IC50=123lgmL 1). Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of bothPleurotusspecies grown in thepresence or absence of SGC proved to be an interesting prebiotic source for growth ofBifidobacteriumanimalisBo in comparison with fructooligosaccharides (FOS)