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- Molecularly imprinting for ca 15-3 protein detection: a promising biosensor for advanced point-of-care applicationsPublication . Oliveira, Daniela; Barcelay, Yonny Romaguera; Moreira, Felismina(Introduction) Cancer is a public health problem worldwide. Early detection is crucial to improve survival rates [1]. Non-invasive, fast rapid, and low-cost diagnostic methods are urgently needed. Biosensors are a promising alternative to traditional methods such as ELISA, enabling point-ofcare (PoC) analyses. These require biorecognition elements with high selectivity and stability to meet current requirements in PoC diagnostics [2]. This work aims to create an electrochemical biosensor that can detect CA 15-3 with high sensitivity and selectivity. The biosensor consists of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the biorecognition element, and it is assembled via electrochemical polymerization of a mixture of 3-acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (AMPTMA) in the presence of CA 15-3. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to evaluate the biosensor's electrochemical performance during its optimization and construction. CA 15-3 was successfully detected in a wide concentration range from 0.001 to 100 U mL-1 in just 20 minutes, with an R2 of 0.994. The MIP sensor showed minimal interference with other cancer proteins. This device offers rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of CA 15-3, making it suitable for clinical PoC application.
- An electrochemically synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer for highly selective detection of breast cancer biomarker CA 15-3: a promising point-of-care biosensorPublication . Oliveira, Daniela; Romaguera Barcelay, Yonny; Moreira, FelisminaIn this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer film (MIP) was prepared on the surface of a disposable carbon screen-printed electrode (C-SPE) using (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (AMPTMA) as a functional monomer and the cancer biomarker carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) as a template. The MIP was synthesized by in situ electropolymerization (ELP) of the AMPTMA monomer in the presence of the CA 15-3 protein on the C-SPE surface. The target was subsequently removed from the polymer matrix by the action of proteinase K, resulting in imprinted cavities with a high affinity for CA 15-3. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the different phases of the sensor assembly. Chemical and morphological analysis was performed using RAMAN and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CA 15-3 was successfully detected in a wide working range from 0.001 U mL−1 to 100 U mL−1 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.994 in 20 min. The MIP sensor showed minimal interference with other cancer proteins (CEA and CA 125). Overall, the developed device provides a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective response in the detection of CA 15-3. Importantly, this comprehensive approach appears suitable for point-of-care (PoC) use, particularly in a clinical context.