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- Efeito das Ações de Marketing na Escola sobre o Comportamento de ConsumoPublication . Afonso, Ana; Afonso, Oscar; Bandeira, Ana M.Our study aims to analyze the effect of marketing actions in schools, driven by health-food companies, on the consumption behavior of students to understand whether they (a) show higher preference for healthy food and drinks; (b) choose to take such goods home; are aware that consuming these goods is a healthy habit; and (c) realize that sales of the companies that produce such health foods and drinks improve. We wish to contribute to the literature by using an experimental exercise in three schools in Porto district, Portugal. Our sample included 307 students aged from 6 to 16 years old, with 153(154) students belonging to the experimental (control) group. The regression results confirm our hypotheses. In particular, we found that the level of education of parents did not seem to have an impact, the results across male and female students are very close and that students’ age did not affect the results between groups, but did affect score values.
- Effect of a punishing tax on economic growth, corruption, and welfarePublication . Afonso, Oscar; Bandeira, Ana M.Este artigo analisa o efeito da penalização da corrupção existente no seio dos negócios sobre o crescimento económico, o nível de corrupção e bem-estar social. Para tal, inclui-se a corrupção no modelo de crescimento endógeno induzido por progresso técnico horizontal, considerando que a penalização da corrupção deprime lucros. Esta penalização provoca uma realocação do trabalho da produção para atividades de R&D pelo que aumenta o progresso técnico, o crescimento económico e o bem-estar social assim como reduz o nível de corrupção. Os resultados teóricos estão em conformidade com os dados observados em 15 países da UE.
- Growth and welfare effects of corruption penaltiesPublication . Afonso, Oscar; Bandeira, Ana M.; Lima, Pedro G.This paper analyses the steady-state effect of business corruption penalties on economic growth, corruption and welfare. To that end, the baseline horizontal R&D growth model is extended to include corruption, which is generated in intermediate goods production. Taxation on corruption depresses profits in production but also wages, leading to labor being reallocated from production to R&D, and, therefore, to a higher economic growth rate. Moreover, it also reduces corruption and increases welfare if preferences towards a corruption-free environment are strong enough. The results are in line with the data observed for 15 EU countries.