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- Food tourism, an exploratory study in the portuguese contextPublication . Mendes, Teresa; Liberato, Pedro; Liberato, Dália; Barreira, HugoGastronomy and Wines has been a premium food tourism product of the national destination management organization (Tourism of Portugal) since its rst National Strategic Plan for Tourism approved by the Portuguese Government through the Resolution of the Council of Ministers no. 53/2007, of 4th of April, to the present one with growing visibility and food awards. However, international research points out the emergent need to have in-depth knowledge of this industry, namely on the numerous given denominations and its potential segmentations on the food tourist demand. The main objective of this study is to clarify the nomination for this tourism sector in Portugal and to identify potential food tourism demand segmentations, paired up with the restaurant industry. To this, and due to the present pandemics, an innovative exploratory methodology was created for a food expert focus group, adapted to an online format, using visual stimuli and a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software. The ndings show that, although there was not a general agreeance in the renaming of the tourist food related activities, there was a consensus in the proposed four restaurant typologies and its hypothetical tourist demand segmentation, as presented on intermediate results section. Also, emerged the need for future research on the main food tourism demand markets in Portugal, thus being presented in the last section of this study a structured proposal for the coming research.
- Rural regeneration through creative tourism: local discourses on cultural heritagePublication . Rodrigues, Cristina; Mendes, Teresa; Liberato, Dália; Brandão, Filipa; Esteves, Elsa; Liberato, PedroAlternative forms of tourism are gradually emerging, as tourism transforms itself and adopts new forms of consumption and development. It is therefore necessary to understand the new approaches to tourism sustainability in order to achieve more transformative results for destinations and their local communities. This research aims to identify creative tourism as the most equitable approach to achieving the sustainability and the regeneration of rural territories. Thus, the general objective is to understand how Cultural Heritage, as a tourist resource, can be used to promote regenerative impacts in a rural region of Portugal, particularly in Trás-os-Montes. As part of a qualitative methodology, the focus group interview technique was applied to three of the destination's stakeholders: Municipalities; Tourism agents; and Residents, to discuss the tourism promotion of a very particular heritage and its implications. The main results identify the greatest consensus among the participants, essentially regarding the suitability of creative tourism for the Cultural Heritage under study, from different perspectives. As well as five potential regenerative benefits for the destination: (i) Local Sourcing Practices, (ii) Social and Cultural Involvement, (iii) Sustainable Economic Performance, (iv) Inclusiveness Management, and (v) Education and Capacity Building, associated with nine United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
- Culinary tourism and food trendsPublication . Liberato, Pedro; Mendes, Teresa; Liberato, DáliaThis article aims to highlight the importance of segmenting and bringing a consensual definition on food tourism, gastronomic tourism and culinary, in the international Academia. We will then focus on culinary tourism as a market trend, also recognizing the food trends, grouped as products in this typology of food tourism. As a way of achieving the proposed objective, we proceeded to select indicators of trends in the area of food tourism, based on a review of the scientific literature. As a result of the literature review, two models are presented, one of the definitions of culinary tourism, based on five components, the other as a model of creation of new touristic food products. Finally, with this review, we wish to contribute to the recognition of more accurate market strategies towards these types of food tourism, impaired with the respect for local and regional heritages of the touristic destinations.
- Food tourism sustainability in Portugal: a systematic literature reviewPublication . Mendes, Teresa; Liberato, Pedro; Liberato, Dália; Dieguez, Teresa; Barreira, HugoFood is one of the main tourism motivations to visit a destination. Food-related activities and experiences, and food consumption places, have, therefore, been used as unique selling propositions by tourism management destinations employing multiple marketing strategies, which are nowadays strengthened by digital branding. On the other hand, global food supply, and its supply chains sustainability, also became one of the most urgent agendas for all nations, worldwide. Concurringly, United Nations launched in 2016 the Sustainable Development Goals program that the United Nations World Travel Organization officially adopted in 2017. Although international tourism demand has been consistently increasing toward Portugal throughout this decade, being the most searched for European country in 2022, one of the main conclusions of the present research is that both national and international academy has not yet produced significant studies on this country’s food sustainability, concerning the tourism market. This paper delivers a systematic literature review on food tourism sustainability concerning tourism destination Portugal, based on a specific articles’ selection protocol. The selected articles, analyzed through a visual bibliometric networks’ software, produced three main clusters, which presented a research trend, stressing critical aspects concerning the role of regional governance in food tourism, and the still scarce academic production to this matter.
- Nazaré: from coastal cultural landscape to unique tourism brandingPublication . Mendes, Teresa; Barreira, Hugo; Liberato, Pedro; Liberato, DáliaA notorious Portuguese filmmaker, Leitão de Barros, directed two films based on Nazaré’s fishing community. The first one, a documentary, Nazaré, praia de pescadores e praia de turismo (Nazaré: fishermen’s beach and tourism beach), announced the future practices of ethnographic fiction, already in 1929. It was also one of the first films recognizing the importance of tourism in Portugal. The second production, a feature film Maria do Mar (Mary from the sea), released in 1930, reinforced the previous cultural image of fishermen’s day-by-day hard work, alongside with sophisticated and cosmopolitan summer seaside activities, setting the tone for Nazaré’s depiction as a cultural landscape. Nowadays, this center region’s tourism destination (TD) presents itself as a unique selling proposition, emphasized by the 2011th world’s Guinness Record: the highest wave ever surfed. Focusing on these coastal imageries, this research’s main goal is to explore the connections, challenges and impacts between the 1930’s branding images of Nazaré to recent years, through a gradual strategic tourism branding. It is also our aim to acknowledge the importance of local and regional destination management organization (DMO) joint policies to push Nazaré as a sustainable unique destination. This research used an interdisciplinary qualitative methodology: (1) early film production visual analysis; (2) in-depth interviews to two of this region’s cultural and tourism key managers; (3) field trip. This research assessed the importance of collaborative governance policies to produce high value and sustainable branding TDs.
- Event planning as a sustainable development strategy for tourism destinationsPublication . Liberato, Dália; Dieguez, Teresa; Jesus, Leonor; Liberato, Pedro; Mendes, TeresaIn recent decades, events have become a new typology and alternative tourist attraction for both mature and emerging destinations. The events industry has witnessed significant growth that has highlighted the issue of its contribution to the economic development of the host territory. Festivals and events have become, in some ways, a more affordable formula for escape and entertainment. As unique tourist attractions, festivals have become a strategy of planned culture, sport, and political and business occasions: from mega-events to community festivals; from small meetings to huge conventions and competitions [1]. From this perspective, this research intends to analyze São João, a specific event that takes place in Porto, to identify the motivations of participants and visitors (tourists and residents). It also intends to understand its tradition and evolution, elements that make it unique, characteristic of the city of Porto, and already visible abroad. For data collection, a quantitative methodology was chosen, with the application of questionnaire surveys to participants in “São João”. The results highlight its crucial role as a popular event in the city of Porto, fitting the six characteristics needed to be designated as a unique and rare event; they also emphasize that the organizers need to consider the feedback provided by the participants after the event. Suggestions are made for the creation of tourist packages allusive to the festivity, with the possibility of customization according to the tastes and complementary motivations when visiting the destination: Religious Tourism, Wine Tourism, Gastronomy Tourism, Cultural and Landscape Tourism, and Literary Tourism.
- Accessibility in tourism: optimizing the tourism experience through social sustainability interpretationPublication . Liberato, Pedro; Liberato, Dália; Vieira, Ana; Mendes, Teresa; Barreira, Hugo; Rodrigues, CristinaAccessibility has become one of the main key issues in tourism today, as it determines the extent to which an individual can participate in the activities/experiences provided by the sector in each destination. It ensures that all products, services, and facilities will be developed for everyone to use and that all will benefit from them. This is reflected in the accessibility related to the absence of obstacles to the use of the tourism product still present in the infrastructures, public transport, information, technology, or communication services. The improvement in accessibility may ensure opportunities for access, safely and autonomously, to equipment, transport, spaces, and information, allowing most segments to participate in all activities of daily life in an independent, comfortable, safe, and without discrimination of any kind. This research establishes the objective of identifying the accessibility measures adopted in the cities of Braga and Guimarães, in the Northern Region of Portugal, through issues related to the specific training of employees, the use of new technologies as a competitive advantage, the concern with presenting information in various formats and the appropriate means of transport. For the collection and analysis of information, the qualitative method was selected, an exploratory descriptive study, based on semi-structured interviews conducted with the official responsible, stakeholders, interpreter guides, and associations of each tourist destination. The results show that, despite the improvements diagnosed in recent years, the regions still face some barriers. The measures frequently identified with the aim of optimizing accessibility in tourism destinations were specifically the use of access ramps (removable or definitive) and the introduction of adapted toilets.
- Improving accessibility as a strategy for social sustainability in tourism supplyPublication . Liberato, Dália; Liberato, Pedro; Vieira, Ana; Rodrigues, Cristina; Mendes, TeresaTourism is a citizens’ right. Therefore, all of society has the right to enjoy tourism experiences regardless of individual preferences. The increase in the elderly population (+ 65 years), the high number of people with disabilities (physical, hearing, intellectual, and cognitive) in the world and the growing desire to travel, has accelerated the interest and concern for accessibility, to provide a better experience to these tourists, increasing practices and strategies under the “Accessible and Inclusive Tourism.” However, this tourism segment still has a long way to go, since many barriers persist. The present research aims to analyze accessibility in cultural heritage. For the collection and analysis of information, the qualitative method was selected, exploratory descriptive study, based on semi-structured interviews conducted with representatives of official entities, stakeholders, interpreter-guides, and associations of two medium-sized destinations in Northern Portugal (Braga and Guimarães), with the aim of assessing accessibility in the historical-cultural heritage in medium-sized cities of particular relevance. The city of Guimarães was distinguished as a World Heritage Site, being associated with the birth of Portugal as a nation, bringing an enormous relevance in terms of valorization and empowerment of its historical and cultural heritage by a segment that is increasingly more universal (accessible), having here the concern to evaluate urban policies in terms of accessibility to heritage and tourism destination. According to the typologies framed in Accessible Tourism, it is possible to highlight that, regarding the percentage of tourists with reduced mobility who visit tourism destinations, and, of these, which ones are interested in cultural heritage and what degree of satisfaction they express, the two tourism destinations analyzed do not account for this type of data, since it is a very residual public. Regarding other types of disabilities, some projects have been developed. Considering the definition of strategies to implement in the access to heritage, it is possible to evidence that, despite the improvements made by the destinations, the existing cultural heritage is not completely accessible, existing mainly architectural barriers. The results show that accessibility is being considered as a strategic opportunity for the targeted tourism destinations, however these are still partially accessible, and it is expected that the path to accessibility is a complex process and applicable in the medium to long term.
- Food media experience and its impact on tourism destinations: the Chef’s Table affairPublication . Liberato, Pedro; Mendes, Teresa; Barreira, Hugo; Liberato, DáliaThis article aims to question the importance of food media experiences of a tourist’s destination (TD) branding, associated with luxury gastronomy and celebrity chefs. To this end, a literature review was made, to evaluate the role of food in the tourist’s relationship with TD’s, as well as about the role, celebrity chefs and luxury gastronomy experience play, in the tourism experience. The reviewed scientific production was confronted with a case study, the Chef’s Table (CT) series, created by David Gelb for the digital platform Netflix. Its analysis, through a methodology designed to extract information from moving image [1] allowed to understand a clear intention to create a media experience of great quality, of luxury and inaccessible food experience. This was possible through image and sound, arranged in a way to exalt the celebrity chefs’ status, thus conveying the viewers’ desire to experience that chefs’ food, that TD’s food and the possibility to socialize with that chef. This acts in addition with the use of plating arrangements, created by chefs, inspired by compositional framings of the visual arts, enhancing the visual characteristics of food, something we were able to demonstrate in this study. Finally, we highlight the importance of carrying out future studies concerning tourists’ food media attractiveness and food media experiences, thought what we believe to be a turning point since the release of CT, in a TD’s digital branding.