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- A avaliação multidomínio da eficácia de programas de reabilitação neurocognitiva suportados nas novas tecnologias digitaisPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Geraldo, Andreia; Peixoto, Bruno; Castro-Caldas, Alexandre; Barbosa, Fernando; Dores, Artemisa RochaO envolvimento das novas tecnologias digitais nos processos de estimulação e reabilitação neurocognitiva (RNC) tem potenciado a eficácia e eficiência dos serviços de RNC, nomeadamente através de uma maior personalização aos perfis funcionais de cada indivíduo. Apesar disso, os protocolos de avaliação da eficácia destes processos baseiam-se maioritariamente em resultados de instrumentos tradicionais que não fornecem informação específica sobre as alterações que produzem quer no funcionamento cerebral per se, quer no seu funcionamento multissensorial. Desta forma, o projeto de investigação em curso foca-se na avaliação da eficácia de programas de RNC suportados nas novas tecnologias digitais, em diferentes patologias neurológicas utilizando protocolos de avaliação constituídos por medidas de resultado multidomínio. Os protocolos incluem medidas de: avaliação neuropsicológica tradicional, do estado emocional, qualidade de vida, funcionalidade, neurofisiologia (i.e., conectividade funcional), e das funções sensoriopercetivas
- Ecological validity in neurocognitive assessment: Systematized review, content analysis, and proposal of an instrumentPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Peixoto, Bruno; Barbosa, FernandoThe main objectives of this study are to identify the dimensions of Ecological Validity(EV) within the definitions of this concept, understand how they are operationalized in neurocog-nitive tests, and propose a checklist for EV attributes in neurocognitive tests. A systematized review was combined with content analysis of the selected papers, usingthe inductive method. We analyzed 82 studies on the EV of neurocognitive tests, 19 literaturereviews and 63 empirical studies. Based on this review, we identified the relevant criteria for evalu-ating EV. EV is a multidimensional concept with two main dimensions: representativeness and gen-eralization. Representativeness involves the subdimensions simplicity-complexity and artificial-nat-ural and several criteria organized on a continuum from low EV to high EV. Generalization isdependent on representativeness and is influenced by different cognitive and non-cognitive fac-tors. We propose six stages for operationalizing EV, from defining the objectives of the neurocog-nitive assessment to the methodology for scoring and interpreting the results.This systematized review helps to operationalize the concept of EV by providing atool for evaluating and improving EV while developing new tests. Further studies with a longitu-dinal design can compare the predictive value of tests with higher versus lower EV-checklistscores.
- Neuropsicologia no espaço da LusofoniaPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Pereira, Dilma; Geraldo, Andreia,; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Peixoto, Bruno; Araújo, Jeane; Dele, João; Serra, Lídia; Leite, Manuela; Moreno, RaquelA Neuropsicologia é uma área científica recente, cuja afirmação como disciplina independente data da segunda metade do século XIX. A neuropsicologia cultural reconhece o papel das experiências culturais na relação cérebro-comportamento e considera que a diversidade cultural deve ser o ponto de partida para o estudo da cognição. Apesar da relevância da neuropsicologia cultural, tanto quanto é do nosso conhecimento os estudos transculturais no espaço da lusofonia são escassos.
- Critical review of multisensory integration programs and proposal of a theoretical framework for its combination with neurocognitive trainingPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Peixoto, Bruno; Vieira De Melo, Bruno; Barbosa, FernandoThe main purpose of this manuscript is to critically review the Multisensory Integration (MI) training programs applied to older adults, their characteristics, target sensory systems, efficacy, assessment methods, and results. We also intend to propose an integrated framework to support combined interventions of neurocognitive and sensory training. A critical review was conducted covering the most relevant literature on the MI training programs applied to older adults. Two MI training programs applied to cognitively healthy older adults were found: (a) audio-visual temporal discrimination training and (b) simultaneity judgment training. Both led to the improvement of the MI between pre- and post-training. However, only the audio-visual temporal discrimination training led to the generalization of the improvements to another MI task. Considering the relationship between sensory and cognitive functioning, this review supports the potential advantages of combining MI with neurocognitive training in the rehabilitation of older adults. We suggested that this can be achieved within the framework of Branched Programmed Neurocognitive Training (BPNT). Criteria for deciding the most suitable multisensory intervention, that is, MI or Multisensory Stimulation, and general guidelines for the development of MI intervention protocols with older adults with or without cognitive impairment are provided.
- Sensory stimulation programs in dementia: a systematic review of methods and effectivenessPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Geraldo, Andreia; Peixoto, Bruno; Barbosa, FernandoDementia is characterized by the presence of cognitive decline and can lead to sensory-perceptual alterations, compromising the functionality in activities of daily living. The main objective of this work is to review the characteristics of sensory stimulation programs in dementia and its effectiveness.
- A model of sensory, emotional, and cognitive reservePublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Peixoto, Bruno; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barbosa, FernandoWe read with interest Stern’s Cognitive Reserve (CR) model (Citation2012) and his works along the years. According to Stern, CR proxies refer to different individual cognitive and socio-behavioral factors with impact on the adaptation of cognitive processes to aging, brain pathology or injury (Stern, Citation2002, Citation2009; Stern et al., Citation2019). However, Stern’s model of CR is focused on cognition and the influence of sensory or emotional aspects was not considered. Thus, we propose a model of Sensory, Emotional, and Cognitive Reserve (SEC reserve model) in which CR, sensory reserve (SR), and emotional reserve (ER) interact with each other, reducing the impact of neuropathology caused by brain disease and injury. Therefore, higher levels of SEC reserve hold the potential to enhance rehabilitation outcomes and prevent or delay the impact of neurocognitive deficits on functionality in the instrumental cognitive activities of daily life.
- Redefining neurocognitive assessment: the essential integration of sensory evaluationPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Peixoto, Bruno; Barbosa, FernandoWe read with interest the recommendations of Leroi et al. (2019) and SENSE-Cog Expert Reference Group of healthcare professionals for the Recognition and Management of Hearing and Vision Impairment in People with Dementia. This group of experts recommends the implementation of flexible and individualized assessments to identify and address concurrent deficits in sensory and cognitive functioning (Leroi et al., 2019). It is also highlighted the lack of standardized, sensitive clinical assessment tools, and evidence-based interventions for addressing simultaneous hearing, vision, and neurocognitive impairment (Leroi et al., 2019). Although sensation can be considered a neurocognitive function (Luria, 1963), Leroi et al. (2019) presented it as a concurrent function with neurocognition, rather than as an intertwined part of it. Other previous studies have followed a similar approach. For instance, research has indicated that sensory impairment appears to increase the risk of Major Neurocognitive Disorders (Brenowitz et al., 2019; Hwang et al., 2020). Furthermore, Leroi et al. (2019) focused primarily on peripheral assessment of hearing and vision, overlooking both peripheral and central evaluations of other senses. Therefore, while we fully support the recommendations provided, we propose expanding them by redefining neurocognitive assessment protocols to: (1) incorporate sensory evaluation beginning in middle age; (2) assess sensory function at both peripheral and central levels; (3) include all senses in the evaluation process; and (4) include tasks targeting multisensory integration.
- Programmed neurocognitive training: proposal of a new approachPublication . Pinto, Joana O.; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Peixoto, Bruno; Barbosa, FernandoThe efficacy studies of neurocognitive training have focused on the components of the programmes and general methodological questions, not presenting a rationale for the individualization of the intervention, even though this is an essential factor for efficacy. The main objective of this manuscript is to propose a framework for the individual planning of neurocognitive training sessions based on the results of neuropsychological assessment.