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- Smuggling tourism in the North of Portugal and GaliciaPublication . Liberato, Pedro; Torres, Mariana Ferreira; Liberato, DáliaThis research, which presents a qualitative methodology, has as main objective, to understand how smuggling is being remembered and portrayed today, and which strategies can be proposed by entities, to promote smuggling as one of the main tourism resources in the North of Portugal. The main findings focus on the need for the organizations to invest in this new tourism product, as well as denoting the existing constraints, concluding about the success factors for this new tourism product in the border region. To promote it, and visioning its success, the interviewees suggest the development of diversified routes along the border, because this product differentiates himself from others for it genuineness, influence the population of the border to participate more actively in the routes, to share their memories, and build new authentic experiences not previously known by tourists.
- North of Portugal and Galicia (Spain) as tourism destinations: residents’ evaluationPublication . Liberato, Dália; Alén, Elisa; Liberato, PedroThe dry border between the North of Portugal and Galicia presents structural, demographic and economic problems that must be overcome, but also natural, cultural and touristic resources that must be enhanced. From a more critical perspective, tourism must be discussed as an important strategic sector for the economy of Galicia-North of Portugal Euroregion and in particular, the dry borders’ economy, providing benefits, in a sustainable way. Border regions have been targeted areas for some EU-level investment interventions in order to allocate infrastructure and equipment considered key to boosting the territory, attracting investment in order to establish residents. The symbolic capital of this region lies precisely in its natural, architectural landscapes, as well as in several products in the region framed globally in endogenous resources. The aim of this research is to identify the potential for strategic cooperation between these two territories, and understand residents' perceptions about the impact of tourism, as an important economic activity, in these regions, through strategic partnerships between stakeholders and DMO’s, in the two countries, and also by valuing the border as a tourism destination, and not just as a line separating two territories and two nations.
- Residents’ perceptions of border regions as tourism destinations: North of Portugal and GaliciaPublication . Liberato, Dália; Alén, Elisa; Liberato, PedroBorder regions have been targeted areas for some EU-level investment interventions in order to allocate infrastructure and equipment considered key to boosting the territory, attracting investment in order to establish residents. The dry border between the North of Portugal and Galicia presents structural, demographic and economic problems that must be overcome, but also natural, cultural and touristic resources that must be enhanced. The symbolic capital of this region lies precisely in its natural, architectural landscapes, as well as in several products in the region framed globally in endogenous resources. From a more critical perspective, Saarinen (2004) argues that tourism can be one of the very few examples of potential growth for these peripheral and rural dry border regions where low population density and long distances compromise other industries development. Tourism has become an activity of building cross- border cooperation and has been able to transform the spatial organization of these regions. Tourism seems to be a very important strategic sector for the economy of Galicia-North of Portugal Eurorregion and in a particular way, the dry borders’ economy, providing benefits, sustainably. The aim of this research is to identify the potential for strategic cooperation between these two territories, and understand residents' perceptions about the impact of tourism, as an important economic activity, in these regions, through strategic partnerships between stakeholders and DMO’s, in the two countries, and also by valuing the border as a tourism destination, and not just as a line separating two territories and two nations.
- Viking theme festivals: stakeholders perspective in the North of Portugal and GaliciaPublication . Liberato, Pedro; Silva, André; Liberato, DáliaIn Galicia and the north of Portugal, from the 8th to the 11th century, Viking and Norman peoples were present. Initially through piracy activities that they developed and later through their support in crusades and holy wars. Local communities felt the need to revitalise these memories through thematic festivals, to assess the possibility of developing these events and to understand which strategies should be used to ensure the cultural sustainability of festivals. In this study the qualitative method was used, where the participants who are part of the scientific community, event organizers and tourism promoters with links to Viking thematic festivals in the Euro-region of Northern Portugal and Galicia were selected. The main results show that the biggest challenge for those responsible for organizing Viking thematic festivals is to maintain the levels of authenticity, following the principles of conservation of intangible heritage.
- Tourist experience evaluation in a cross-border regionPublication . Liberato, Dália; Alén, Elisa; Liberato, Pedro; Dóminguez Vila, TrinidadThe development of tourism in cross-border regions has been attracting the interest of several international researchers in this area. This article aims to evaluate the tourist experience in the Eurocity Chaves–Verín region, in particular, to identify the relationships between the characteristics of the trip, the individual profile and the experience perception based on the 4 E's, on the behavioural intentions of tourists, regarding the intention of recommending the destination, through a proposed hypothesis: the length of stay, the tourist resources visited, and the individual profile of the tourist positively influence the perception of the 4E's and the intention to recommend the destination. A total of 166 visitors/tourists were interviewed, 87 in Chaves and 79 in Verín. In the evaluation of the data obtained in Chaves and Verín, for the global model, all the dependent variables are related to the independent variables, statistically significant: the intention to recommend the destination Chaves is superior for those who spend 3 to 5 nights compared to those who spend 5 to 10 nights, and for those who visit the Way of St. James; the intention to recommend the destination Verín is superior for those who visit religious heritage/religious festivals/pilgrimages, and for those who do not visit natural spaces/landscape/nature.
- Smuggling routes as a valuable asset for tourism development in cross-border regionsPublication . Liberato, Pedro; Torres, Mariana; Liberato, DáliaSmuggling is defined as a set of clandestine exchanges of goods/products, between the population on both sides of the Portuguese and Spanish border, regardless of whether the products were legal or not, and taking advantage of the virtues of the border. It was considered a profession of risk, effort, and sacrifice, constituting an illicit import and export business between two countries, which included coffee, basic essential goods, and minerals. In these organizations, coexistence with the guards was compulsory so that the smuggled material could pass easily, and the set of daily activities generated group solidarity and collective complicity. The overall objective of this study is to understand whether smuggling tourism is a strategic tourism product in the border regions of Portugal/Galicia as tourism destinations; to evaluate its real potential and understand which routes have been carried out to promote smuggling tourism, as well as the role of population in its valuation. In the present research, it was applied a qualitative methodology, and the main data collection instrument selected was a semi-structured interview. The results show that smuggling tourism, if strategically designed, can be one of the main tourism products of the Portuguese/Spanish border. The tourist seeks to feel something similar to other people's sensations, and smuggling tourism provides these feelings, the pain, the fear, the honor, and the pride of being a smuggler. The routes recreation leads to the development of an integrated offer, and some of the companies dedicated to the subject are sponsored by municipal entities among other DMOs.
- Avaliação das intenções comportamentais num destino de fronteira: o caso da eurocidade Chaves - VerínPublication . Liberato, Pedro; Alén, Elisa; Liberato, DáliaO presente artigo pretende enfatizar a importância das regiões transfronteiriças como destinos turísticos, em virtude da aplicação de projetos dinamizados pela iniciativa dos diferentes stakeholders, gerando oportunidades de crescimento e desenvolvimento para estes territórios, baseadas na valorização dos recursos endógenos. O objetivo principal da investigação agora apresentada foi avaliar as intenções comportamentais dos turistas na região da Eurocidade Chaves – Verín, enquadrada numa região transfronteiriça, a designada Raia Seca da fronteira luso espanhola do Norte de Portugal e Galiza. Concretamente, pretende-se determinar se o perfil individual dos visitantes e turistas ou as características da viagem influenciam as suas intenções comportamentais relativamente ao destino.