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- Wet-blue retanning process optimization for reducing water and energy consumption, and environmental impactPublication . Filipe, T.; Alves, C.; Freitas, T.; Crispim, A.; Dias, S.The process of transforming animal skin into leather comprises a range of chemical processes and mechanical operations that can be divided in four sectors such as beamhouse, tanning, dyeing, and finishing. In the dyeing sector, the chemical process (normally called retanning or dyeing process) has four main steps: neutralization, retanning, dyeing, and fatliquoring. A very important part of research in field of tanning industry is focused on develop and adapt alternative and clean processes, contributing to the sustainability of the planet. These new processes and methods enable an improvement of the quality of the leathers obtained while achieving a reduction in the energy and water consumption, as well as pollution generated.
- Footwear leather waste treatment: Energetic alternative ways against landfill disposalPublication . Alves, C.; Marques, D.; Crispim, A.(Introduction) Leather finished wastes resulting from the footwear manufacturing process are generated. Most of this waste is contaminated with chromium. Energetic valorization is one alternative to landfilling that must be evaluated, taking into account the current importance of energy. In this way, three technologies can be compared to evaluate this alternative: incineration, gasification, and pyrolysis. In recent years, a lot of research work has been done to evaluate the application of these technologies to leather solid waste.