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- Implementation of a Real-Time Microgrid Simulation Platform Based on Centralized and Distributed ManagementPublication . Abrishambaf, Omid; Faria, Pedro; Gomes, Luis; Spínola, João; Vale, Zita; Corchado, JuanDemand response and distributed generation are key components of power systems. Several challenges are raised at both technical and business model levels for integration of those resources in smart grids and microgrids. The implementation of a distribution network as a test bed can be difficult and not cost-effective; using computational modeling is not sufficient for producing realistic results. Real-time simulation allows us to validate the business model’s impact at the technical level. This paper comprises a platform supporting the real-time simulation of a microgrid connected to a larger distribution network. The implemented platform allows us to use both centralized and distributed energy resource management. Using an optimization model for the energy resource operation, a virtual power player manages all the available resources. Then, the simulation platform allows us to technically validate the actual implementation of the requested demand reduction in the scope of demand response programs. The case study has 33 buses, 220 consumers, and 68 distributed generators. It demonstrates the impact of demand response events, also performing resource management in the presence of an energy shortage.
- Application of an optimization-based curtailment service provider in real-time simulationPublication . Abrishambaf, Omid; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaThe use of demand response programs and distributed renewable energy resources are intensively discussed. These concepts play a key role in the distribution network, especially smart grids and microgrids. Nowadays, most of the implemented demand response programs are considered for large-scale resources, which make small and medium resources unable to participate in electricity market negotiations. In order to overcome this barrier, a third-party entity, namely an aggregator, can be considered as an intermediate player between the demand side and grid side. For this purpose, curtailment service provider is considered as an aggregator, which aggregates small and medium-scale resources, who do not have adequate capacity of reduction or generation and allow them to participate in wholesale electricity markets as a unique resource. However, before massive implementation of business models, the performance of the curtailment service provider should be adequately surveyed and validated in order to prevent future problems. This paper proposes a real-time simulation model of a curtailment service provider, which employs several real and laboratory hardware equipment considered as hardware-in-the-loop in the real-time simulator. Furthermore, an optimization problem is developed for a curtailment service provider in order to optimally schedule the available resources including several demand response programs and distributed renewable resources, aiming at minimizing its operation costs. The implemented case study considers a distribution network with 20 consumers and prosumers, and 26 renewable-based producers including wind and photovoltaic generation, where the developed model is performed in real-time for 12 min and behaviors of small and medium prosumers and producers is surveyed.
- Real-Time Demand Response Program Implementation Using Curtailment Service ProviderPublication . Abrishambaf, Omid; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaNowadays, electricity network operators obligated to utilize the new concepts of power system, such as demand response program, due to peak shaving or reducing the power congestion in the peak periods. These types of management programs have a minimum capacity level for the consumers who tend to participate. This makes small and medium scale consumer incapable to participate in these programs. Therefore, a third party entity, such as a Curtailment Service Provider, can be a solution for this barrier since it is a bridge between the demand side and grid side. This paper provides a real-time simulation of a curtailment service provider that utilize realtime demand response programs for small and medium consumers and prosumers. The case study of the paper represents a network with 220 consumers and 68 distributed generations, which aims at the behavior of two small and medium scale prosumers during a real-time demand response program.
- Real-Time Simulation of Hybrid Energy Solution for Microgeneration in Residential BuildingsPublication . Abrishambaf, Omid; Faria, Pedro; Vale, Zita; Pitombeira, Alexandra; Holand, Mateus; Pimentel, Elizabete; Sandoval, Júnior; Santana, Jennifer; Gracindo, João; Corrêa, MarceloThe unplanned power outages have occurred for all of us, and we know that from the household inhabitant’s standpoint, power outage even for a short period of time is not pleasant. This matter is also true for the residential buildings that are far from the main cities, namely in the countryside or in a small village, and they may have a power outage for a long-term even with a small problem in the power transmission lines. Therefore, an energy solution module is required in order to prevent power outage for household inhabitants. In this paper, an off-grid energy sustainability solution for residential buildings will be represented by considering several small-scale generators. The module consists of several microgeneration units and energy storage systems for maintaining the energy balance. Also, a software-based control unit is used for controlling the production. The main focus is given to survey the performance of the wind turbine utilized in this energy module. The behavior of an induction machine and a permanent magnet machine will be investigated in two levels of simulation and emulation in order to realize the best solution for the wind turbine of presented energy module.
- Application of a Home Energy Management System for Incentive-Based Demand Response Program ImplementationPublication . Abrishambaf, Omid; Fotouhi Ghazvini, Mohammad Ali; Gomes, Luis; Faria, Pedro; Vale, Zita; Corchado, Juan M.This paper presents an experimental real-time implementation of an incentive-based demand response program with hardware demonstration of a home energy management system. This system controls the electricity consumption of a residential electricity customer. For this purpose, the real consumption and generation profiles of a typical Portuguese household equipped with a home-scale photovoltaic system are employed. These profiles are simulated by the real-time digital simulator using real hardware resources. In the case studies, three different scenarios are simulated for a period of 24 hours with the consideration of the demand response programs and a 2 kW photovoltaic system. Different pricing scenarios are considered and the performance of the home energy management system is evaluated under each scenario. The focus is given to demonstrate how a home-scale photovoltaic system, and demand response programs, especially load-shifting scenario, can be cost-effective in the daily electricity costs of the residential customers.
- Ramping of Demand Response Event with Deploying Distinct Programs by an AggregatorPublication . Abrishambaf, Omid; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaSystem operators have moved towards the integration of renewable resources. However, these resources make network management unstable as they have variations in produced energy. Thus, some strategic plans, like demand response programs, are required to overcome these concerns. This paper develops an aggregator model with a precise vision of the demand response timeline. The model at first discusses the role of an aggregator, and thereafter is presented an innovative approach to how the aggregator deals with short and real-time demand response programs. A case study is developed for the model using real-time simulator and laboratory resources to survey the performance of the model under practical challenges. The real-time simulation uses an OP5600 machine that controls six laboratory resistive loads. Furthermore, the actual consumption profiles are adapted from the loads with a small-time step to precisely survey the behavior of each load. Also, remuneration costs of the event during the case study have been calculated and compared using both actual and simulated demand reduction profiles in the periods prior to event, such as the ramp period
- Applying real-time pricing for wind curtailment scenario using D2RD module of TOOCCPublication . Teixeira, Brígida; Faria, Pedro; Abrishambaf, Omid; Vale, ZitaMulti-agent systems are widely used tools to simulate and study the energy sector because of their distributed architecture. There are several simulator tools available in literature, however, much of these prove to be very domain specific. The emergence of the Tools Control Center tool allows these simulators to cooperate in order to solve more comprehensive problems and more complex scenarios. This paper presents a module of this tool known as Demand Response Registration Digital, which allows the study of the model and programs of Demand Response. To understand the operation of this module, an example is given considering a wind curtailment scenario.