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- Imaging of the Vocal Tract based on Magnetic Resonance TechniquesPublication . Ventura, Sandra Rua; Freitas, Diamantino Rui; Tavares, João ManuelMagnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been used to analyze and evaluate the vocal tract shape through different techniques and with promising results in several application fields. Our main purpose is to demonstrate the relevance of MR and techniques of image processing in the analysis of vocal tract.
- Speaker-specific articulatory assessment and measurements during Portuguese speech production based on Magnetic Resonance ImagesPublication . Ventura, Sandra Moreira Rua; Vasconcelos, Maria João; Freitas, Diamantino Rui; Ramos, Isabel Maria; Tavares, João Manuel R. S.The development of two and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) opened new options for a better understanding of speech production; in particular, for the articulation process, comparing with other imaging techniques, such as x-rays. Several MRI studies have been carried out considering different languages, but concerning European Portuguese the available information is far from being completely achieved. Recently, the knowledge gained with the application of deformable models in magnetic resonance images towards the automatic study of the vocal tract, has allowed an enhanced identification and description of the articulatory mechanism and its organs. Our aim is to extract and evaluate the main characteristics of the movements of vocal tract during European Portuguese speech production to achieve speaker-specific articulatory assessment from MRI. For this, we used active shape and active appearance models to identify, i.e. to segment, and simulate the vocal tracts shape in MR images and concluded that both are suitable for such tasks being the later more proficient. The findings obtained are believed to be useful for speech rehabilitation and simulation purposes, namely to recognize and simulate the compensatory movements of the articulators during speech production.Therefore, this chapter gains particular interest within the communities of speech study and rehabilitation, medical imaging and bioengineering. It is organized as follows: the introduction section starts with a literature review concerning the use, application and challenges of MRI in speech production study, in particular for speech articulation. In addition, image analysis techniques based on deformable templates, more specifically by using geometrical shapes driven by parameterized functions, are introduced. In the second section, the adopted methodology of MRI acquisition and data assessment are described. Based on this image analysis approach, in the results section the key aspects of articulatory movements during the production of relevant European Portuguese speech sounds are addressed. In the final section of this chapter, conclusions are presented and further suggestions for future work are indicated.
- Speaker-specific articulatory assessment and measurements during portuguese speech production based on magnetic resonance imagesPublication . Ventura, Sandra Moreira Rua; Vasconcelos, Maria João; Freitas, Diamantino Rui S.; Ramos, Isabel Maria; Tavares, João Manuel R. S.The development of two and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) opened new options for a better understanding of speech production; in particular, for the articulation process, comparing with other imaging techniques, such as x-rays. Several MRI studies have been carried out considering different languages, but concerning European Portuguese the available information is far from being completely achieved. Recently, the knowledge gained with the application of deformable models in magnetic resonance images towards the automatic study of the vocal tract, has allowed an enhanced identification and description of the articulatory mechanism and its organs. Our aim is to extract and evaluate the main characteristics of the movements of vocal tract during European Portuguese speech production to achieve speaker-specific articulatory assessment from MRI. For this, we used active shape and active appearance models to identify, i.e. to segment, and simulate the vocal tract’s shape in MR images and concluded that both are suitable for such tasks being the later more proficient. The findings obtained are believed to be useful for speech rehabilitation and simulation purposes, namely to recognize and simulate the compensatory movements of the articulators during speech production. Therefore, this chapter gains particular interest within the communities of speech study and rehabilitation, medical imaging and bioengineering. It is organized as follows: the introduction section starts with a literature review concerning the use, application and challenges of MRI in speech production study, in particular for speech articulation. In addition, image analysis techniques based on deformable templates, more specifically by using geometrical shapes driven by parameterized functions, are introduced. In the second section, the adopted methodology of MRI acquisition and data assessment are described. Based on this image analysis approach, in the results section the key aspects of articulatory movements during the production of relevant European Portuguese speech sounds are addressed. In the final section of this chapter, conclusions are presented and further suggestions for future work are indicated.
- Anatomia básica em estudos radiológicos do membro superiorPublication . Saúde, MiguelO membro superior liga-se ao tronco junto à parte lateral da região inferior do pescoço e divide-se em cintura escapular, braço, antebraço e mão. A cintura escapular é a área de ligação com o tronco. O braço é o segmento situado entre o ombro e o cotovelo, o antebraço situa-se entre as articulações do cotovelo e do punho e a mão é distal à articulação do punho.
- Ombro traumáticoPublication . Pereira, José Manuel R.O estudo imagiológico do ombro pode ser realizado por diversas modalidades de imagem. No entanto, na radiologia convencional continua a ser a modalidade de 1ª escolha. Os achados encontrados nos exames radiográficos correlacionados com o exame clínico auxiliarão o médico na avaliação de necessidade de complementar o estudo com outra técnica de imagem e selecionar a mais indicada.
- Fundamentos teóricosPublication . Ventura, Sandra RuaA 8 de novembro de 1895, o físico alemão Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen revolucionou a história da Medicina e do mundo, aquando da descoberta acidental da radiação X no seu laboratório, na Universidade de Wurzburg, Alemanha.
- ÚmeroPublication . Silva, VítorPara o estudo radiológico do úmero, existem pontos anatómicos de interesse perfeitamente palpáveis em pacientes normais que devem ser tidos em conta. Extremidade proximal - a cabeça do úmero é perfeitamente palpável e a extremidade distal - epicôndilos lateral e medial. Para radiografar o úmero em duas projeções distintas, ambas as extremidades devem ser visualizadas.
- Ombro dolorosoPublication . Pereira, José Manuel R.Os pacientes recorrem frequentemente às instituições de saúde com queixas de dor e limitação funcional ao nível do ombro, sem traumatismo associado, condição a que se dá o nome de ombro doloroso.
- Anatomia básica em estudos radiológicos da cintura pélvicaPublication . Saúde, MiguelOs ossos da pelve consistem nos ossos coxais direito e esquerdo, o sacro e o cóccix. Servem de base ao tronco e de ligação ao membros inferiores. O osso coxal é um osso largo, irregular, constringindo centralmente e expandido superior e inferiormente. Na sua superfície lateral, tem uma depressão profunda chamada acetábulo, que se articula com a cabeça do fémur, e inferiormente o buraco obturador. Os ossos coxais articulam-se entre si anteriormente e com o sacro posteriormente, formando a cintura pélvica. Cada um dos ossos coxais tem três partes - o ílio, o ísquio e o púbis - , unidas por cartilagem nos primeiros anos de vida, mas unidas como osso nos adultos.
- Segmentos da coluna: cervical, dorsal, lombar, sacro e cóccixPublication . Saúde, MiguelA coluna vertebral é uma estrutura complexa, com diferentes componentes e segmentos móveis. A complexidade do sistema é maior pela proximidade de outras estruturas, particularmente da medula espinhal e dos nervos raquidianos.