Browsing by Author "Meira Castro, Ana C."
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- Acquisition and data analysis related to changes in some forest soils properties after prescribed fire actionPublication . Meira Castro, Ana C.; Meixedo, João Paulo; Carvalho, João P.Controlled fires in forest areas are frequently used in most Mediterranean countries as a preventive technique to avoid severe wildfires in summer season. In Portugal, this forest management method of fuel mass availability is also used and has shown to be beneficial as annual statistical reports confirm that the decrease of wildfires occurrence have a direct relationship with the controlled fire practice. However prescribed fire can have serious side effects in some forest soil properties. This work shows the changes that occurred in some forest soils properties after a prescribed fire action. The experiments were carried out in soil cover over a natural site of Andaluzitic schist, in Gramelas, Caminha, Portugal, that had not been burn for four years. The composed soil samples were collected from five plots at three different layers (0-3cm, 3-6cm and 6-18cm) during a three-year monitoring period after the prescribed burning. Principal Component Analysis was used to reach the presented conclusions.
- Acqusition and data analysis of the eco-efficiency for the establishment of indicators parameters for industrial environmental sustainabilityPublication . Meira Castro, Ana C.; Silva, Francisco; Meixedo, Joao Paulo; Durão, Luís MiguelThe industrial activity is inevitably associated with a certain degradation of the environmental quality, because is not possible to guarantee that a manufacturing process can be totally innocuous. The eco-efficiency concept is globally accepted as a philosophy of entreprise management, that encourages the companies to become more competitive, innovative and environmentally responsible by promoting the link between its companies objectives for excellence and its objectives of environmental excellence issues. This link imposes the creation of an organizational methodology where the performance of the company is concordant with the sustainable development. The main propose of this project is to apply the concept of eco-efficiency to the particular case of the metallurgical and metal workshop industries through the development of the particular indicators needed and to produce a manual of procedures for implementation of the accurate solution.
- Álgebra matricial: Conceitos, Exercícios e AplicaçõesPublication . Meira Castro, Ana C.; Viamonte, Ana Júlia; Sousa, António VarejãoEste livro pretende ser um documento onde a ligação entre a abordagem clássica da Álgebra Linear habitualmente encontrada na literatura e a Teoria de Matrizes seja apresentada de forma simples e rigorosa em simultâneo com a exposição de aplicações. Conscientes da vastidão de possíveis caminhos a seguir na apresentação das matérias inerentes à Álgebra e ao Cálculo Matricial, os autores optaram por seguir uma orientação que tivesse em linha de conta a atual tendência para a diminuição dos tempos letivos e incentivo à utilização de software MATLAB®, principalmente nos cursos de Engenharia. Neste sentido, este livro está organizado em cinco capítulos – Revisão de conceitos elementares, Cálculo matricial e determinantes, Sistemas de equações lineares, Espaços vetoriais e transformações lineares e Geometria analítica – ao longo dos quais se procurou obedecer a uma estrutura evolutiva em torno do rigor e da formalidade, mas sem excessos de nomenclatura. No final de cada capítulo, é proporcionado um conjunto de exercícios variados e não repetitivos, em número suficiente e equilibrado, apresentando-se alguns deles já resolvidos, propondo-se outros para resolução e ilustrando algumas aplicações práticas de integração de conhecimentos, recorrendo ao software MATLAB®.
- An experimental study on recycling and reuse of pultruded composite material wastesPublication . Ribeiro, M.C.S; Meira Castro, Ana C.; Silva, F.; Fiúza, AntónioGlass fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRP) have been considered inherently difficult to recycle due to both: cross-linked nature of thermoset resins, which cannot be remoulded, and complex composition of the composite itself. Presently, most of the GFRP waste is landfilled leading to negative environmental impacts and supplementary added costs. With an increasing awareness of environmental matters and the subsequent desire to save resources, recycling would convert an expensive waste disposal into a profitable reusable material. In this study, efforts were made in order to recycle grinded GFRP waste, proceeding from pultrusion production scrap, into new and sustainable composite materials. For this purpose, GFRP waste recyclates, were incorporated into polyester based mortars as fine aggregate and filler replacements at different load contents and particle size distributions. Potential recycling solution was assessed by mechanical behaviour of resultant GFRP waste modified polymer mortars. Results revealed that GFRP waste filled polymer mortars present improved flexural and compressive behavior over unmodified polyester based mortars, thus indicating the feasibility of the GFRP industrial waste reuse into concrete-polymer composite materials.
- An integrated recycling approach for GFRP pultrusion wastes: recycling and reuse assessment into new composite materials using Fuzzy Boolean NetsPublication . Meira Castro, Ana C.; Carvalho, João P.; Ribeiro, M. C. S.; Meixedo, João Paulo; Silva, Francisco J. G.; Fiúza, António; Dinis, M. L.In this study, efforts were made in order to put forward an integrated recycling approach for the thermoset based glass fibre reinforced polymer (GPRP) rejects derived from the pultrusion manufacturing industry. Both the recycling process and the development of a new cost-effective end-use application for the recyclates were considered. For this purpose, i) among the several available recycling techniques for thermoset based composite materials, the most suitable one for the envisaged application was selected (mechanical recycling); and ii) an experimental work was carried out in order to assess the added-value of the obtained recyclates as aggregates and reinforcement replacements into concrete-polymer composite materials. Potential recycling solution was assessed by mechanical behaviour of resultant GFRP waste modified concrete-polymer composites with regard to unmodified materials. In the mix design process of the new GFRP waste based composite material, the recyclate content and size grade, and the effect of the incorporation of an adhesion promoter were considered as material factors and systematically tested between reasonable ranges. The optimization process of the modified formulations was supported by the Fuzzy Boolean Nets methodology, which allowed finding the best balance between material parameters that maximizes both flexural and compressive strengths of final composite. Comparing to related end-use applications of GFRP wastes in cementitious based concrete materials, the proposed solution overcome some of the problems found, namely the possible incompatibilities arisen from alkalis-silica reaction and the decrease in the mechanical properties due to high water-cement ratio required to achieve the desirable workability. Obtained results were very promising towards a global cost-effective waste management solution for GFRP industrial wastes and end-of-life products that will lead to a more sustainable composite materials industry.
- Análise e comparação da utilização de métodos de Análise de Componentes Principais na descrição da relação entre a profundidade de um solo florestal e algumas das suas propriedades geoquímicasPublication . Meira Castro, Ana C.; Santos, Jorge M.; Meixedo, João Paulo; Góis, JoaquimNeste trabalho apresentam-se os resultados da analise e comparação da utilização da Análise de Componentes Principais Clássica (ACP) e a Análise de Componentes Principais Robusta (ACPR) na descrição da relação entre a profundidade de um solo florestal e as alterações em quatro propriedades geoquímicas fundamentais. Os resultados obtidos reconhecem que, neste tipo de dados e cala local, a utilização da ACPR deve ser utilizada em detrimento da ACP e que o procedimento de amostragem de solos pouco férteis, como é o caso dos solos florestais, pode ser aliviado em termos de detalhe em profundidade por uma amostragem a uma altura única de 18cm mas deve, contudo, ser efectuada estrategicamente, dado que a localização dos pontos de amostragem revela ter significativa influência nos resultados obtidos.
- Aplicação do Método de TAU a um modelo de descontaminação de água subterrâneaPublication . Meira Castro, Ana C.; Matos, José; Gavina, A.Neste trabalho são apresentados alguns resultados obtidos com o método de TAU implementado sobre um modelo dinâmico de transferência de massa em colunas com enchimento desordenado. A solução do sistema de equações em derivadas parciais que traduz o modelo em estado transiente revelou-se ajustada com resultados neméricos muito interessantes.
- Assessment of direct radiological risk and indirect associated toxic risks originated by Coal-Fired Power PlantsPublication . Dinis, M. L.; Fiúza, António; Góis, Joaquim; Carvalho, José Soeiro de; Meira Castro, Ana C.Over the past few decades there has been some discussion concerning the increase of the natural background radiation originated by coal-fired power plants, due to the uranium and thorium content present in combustion ashes. The radioactive decay products of uranium and thorium, such as radium, radon, polonium, bismuth and lead, are also released in addition to a significant amount of 40K. Since the measurement of radioactive elements released by the gaseous emissions of coal power plants is not compulsory, there is a gap of information concerning this situation. Consequently, the prediction of dispersion and mobility of these elements in the environment, after their release, is based on limited data and the radiological impact from the exposure to these radioactive elements is unknown. This paper describes the methodology that is being developed to assess the radiological impact due to the raise in the natural background radiation level originated by the release and dispersion of the emitted radionuclides. The current investigation is part of a research project that is undergoing in the vicinity of Sines coal-fired power plant (south of Portugal) until 2013. Data from preliminary stages are already available and possible of interpretation.
- Assessment of heavy metals in the surroundings of coal-fired power plantPublication . Dinis, M. L.; Fiúza, António; Góis, Joaquim; Carvalho, José Soeiro de; Meira Castro, Ana C.This paper aims to survey metal concentrations in soils in the vicinity of a coal-firedpower plant located in southwest of Portugal. Two annual sampling campaigns were carried out to measure a hypothetical soil contamination around the coal plant. The sampling area was divided into two subareas, both centered in the emission source, delimited by two concentric circles with radius of 6 km and 20 km. About 40 samplings points were defined in the influence area. Metals measurements were performed with a portable analytical X-ray dispersive energy fluorescence spectrometer identifying about 20 different elements in each sampling point. The most relevant elements measured included As, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Ti and Zn in both sampling areas. Considering the results obtained in the first sampling campaign, arsenic is predominantly higher within the 6-20 km sampling area. The second sampling campaign showed that both sampling areas presented relatively similar metal concentrations except for Fe, Mn, Sr and Zn which concentration is higher within the 6-20 km sampling area. Also, As, Fe, Mn and Ti concentrations decreased significantly from the first to the second sampling campaign and their concentration were predominately higher in the NE-E and E-SE directions.
- Assessment of the environmental radiation by in situ gamma ray spectrometryPublication . Dinis, M. L.; Góis, Joaquim; Carvalho, José Soeiro de; Meira Castro, Ana C.; Fiúza, A.Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) under certain conditions can reach hazardous radiological levels contributing to an additional exposure dose to ionizing radiation. Most environmental concerns are associated with uranium mining and milling sites, but the same concerns should be addressed to natural near surface occurrences of uranium as well as man-made sources such as technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) resulting from phosphates industry, ceramic industry and energy production activities, in particular from coal-fired power plants which is one of the major sources of increased exposure to man from enhanced naturally occurring materials. This work describes the methodology developed to assess the environmental radiation by in situ gamma spectrometry in the vicinity of a Portuguese coal fired power plant. The current investigation is part of a research project that is undergoing in the vicinity of Sines Coal-Fired Power Plant (south of Portugal) until the end of 2013.