Browsing by Author "M. Santos, Pedro"
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- Characterization and Modeling of the Bicycle-Antenna System for the 2.4GHz ISM BandPublication . Pinto, Luis; M. Santos, Pedro; Almeida, Luis; Aguiar, AnaVehicular communication is rapidly becoming a standard reality, and precise models are necessary for accurate performance estimates. Alongside cars and trucks, smaller vehicles such as scooters and bicycles are also set to participate in V2X networking, but have received considerably less attention. In this work, we present an extensive characterization of the gain pattern of a bicycle and antenna system for the IEEE 802.11g standard. We measure the radiation patterns of the antenna of a commodity 2.4 GHz WiFi module mounted on six distinct positions on the body of six archetypal bicycles in an anechoic chamber. The RSSI sample set per angle and antenna position is characterized statistically and input into an empirical model of the gain pattern of the bicycle-antenna system. We define a bicycle-to-X propagation model that pairs the proposed bicycle-antenna gain and a log-distance shadowing path loss model, and conduct outdoor measurement campaign for evaluation. We observe that the gain model measured in chamber matches the measured RSSI at small distances, whereas at larger distances it provides less accuracy.
- Synchronous Management of Mixed Traffic at Signalized Intersections towards Sustainable Road TransportationPublication . Reddy, Radha; Almeida, Luis; Gutiérrez Gaitán, Miguel; M. Santos, Pedro; Tovar, EduardoIn urban road transportation, intersections are traffic bottlenecks with increased waiting delays and associated adverse effects. A recently proposed intelligent intersection management (IIM) approach, the Synchronous Intersection Management Protocol (SIMP), synchronizes the vehicles access to simple single-lane isolated intersections, outperforming competing approaches in various performance metrics. In this paper, we apply SIMP to multi-lane intersections, increasing significantly the applicability of the protocol while dealing with the additional complexity emerging from the multiple crossing conflicts. Using the SUMO simulator, we compare the performance of SIMP with two conventional (Round-Robin - RR and Trivial Traffic Light Control - TTLC) and two IIM approaches (Intelligent Traffic Light Control - ITLC and Q-learning based Traffic Light Control - QTLC) under continuous and interrupted upstream traffic flows scenarios in urban settings. The results using a maximum speed of 30km/h confirm the superiority of SIMP, improving traffic throughput (~14.4%) and reducing travel delays (~64.4%) and associated fuel consumption (~25.5%) when compared to the best of the other approaches.