Browsing by Author "Granja, Sara"
Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- CINtec PLUS cytology as a cervical cancer screening test at the IPO of PortoPublication . Alves, Ana; Lopes, Ana Paula; Granja, Sara; Quintela Vieira, Filipa; Silva, Regina AugustaCervical squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is the fourth most common cancer between women and seventh globally. There are many women undergoing colposcopy without real need, so more effective screening tests are needed to decide who among HPV-positive women should receive additional diagnostic evaluation to avoid unnecessary colposcopies. So, this study is intended to evaluate CINtec PLUS cytology as a screening test for cervical cancer in the IPO-FG of the Port of women with hpv test positive other than 16/18, improving the referral for colposcopy. CINtec PLUS cytology is an immunocytochemistry kit that simultaneously detects p16 and Ki-67 proteins. The presence of these proteins in the same cell indicates a deregulation of the cell cycle, and may be a marker of the persistence of HPV infections, their greater probability of progression and the severity of lesions secondary to the infection. An experimental research was carried out, in which the immunostaining of 73 non-16/18 HPV cervico-vaginal hpv samples was performed from 73 women integrated in cervical cancer screening in the North region carried out at the IPO-FG of Porto. The results obtained in CINtec PLUS were compared with those of cytology. 2 samples present unsatisfactory cytology for evaluation, being excluded. Cintec Plus cytology would reduce by 17% the number of women sent for colposcopy (7 (about 10%) by Cintec Plus vs 19 (about 27%) by cytology). Of the 52 NILM samples, 3 (about 6%) were positive for Cintec Plus, so they should have been referred for colposcopy and were not. Of the 10 ASC-US samples 100% are negative for Cintec Plus, as well as 5 LSIL 4 (80%) are negative, of the 3 HSIL 2 (about 67%) are negative. So, 16 women (about 23%) made colposcopy unnecessarily. In conclusion, Cintec Plus cytology would be an interesting tool as a second screening test in non-16/18 hpv cases in place of cytology, decreasing the number of women sent for colposcopy.
- Estudo da morfologia de tecidos sujeitos a embalsamamento por método de ThielPublication . Moniz, Diana; Granja, Sara; Paulino, SofiaAs técnicas de embalsamamento são utilizadas, na atualidade, para a preservação do cadáver para o momento fúnebre e para disseções em contexto académico. O método de embalsamamento de Thiel apresenta vantagens em relação a outros métodos de embalsamamento, uma vez que permite a retenção da coloração e flexibilidade do cadáver, com retenção permanente da mobilidade. No entanto, leva a alterações morfológicas do tecido muscular, devido à desintegração das fibras musculares, com manutenção das bainhas de colagénio e, assim, do formato do musculo. Contudo é desconhecido o efeito deste método na morfologia de outros tecidos, sendo o conhecimento importante na eventual necessidade de realizar uma autópsia médico-legal, por exemplo. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo da morfologia dos tecidos após exposição à solução de Thiel, comparativamente a tecidos expostos ao formaldeído, solução fixadora universal de conservação de tecidos. Foram dissecados diferentes órgãos de ratinhos (coração, rim, pulmão, intestino e musculo do membro inferior) e separados nos diferentes grupos de estudo: grupo 1 –tecidos expostos a formol neutro a 10% tamponado por 24 horas, grupo 2 –tecidos expostos a solução de Thiel por 24 horas e grupo 3 –tecidos expostos a solução de Thiel (12 horas) com pós fixação (12 horas) em formol neutro a 10% tamponado. Todos os tecidos foram processados e incluídos em parafina e, para a avaliação da morfologia, os tecidos foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina e com as técnicas histoquímicas de Periodic Acid-Schiff, Reticulina e Tricrómio de Masson. A análise dos dados mostrou a existência de alterações na morfologia e integridade nos tecidos expostos à solução de Thiel e à solução de Thiel com pós-fixação quando comparado com tecidos fixados em formol neutro a 10% tamponado. Além disso, as colorações testadas apresentaram resultados não satisfatórios nas amostras do grupo 2 e 3 em relação ao grupo 1 (grupo padrão). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o embalsamamento por método de Thiel provoca alterações morfológicas nos tecidos, que inviabilizam o seu estudo.
- Glucose metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in Cytarabine-resistant acute Myeloid leukemiaPublication . Pereira-Vieira, Joana; Weber, Daniela D.; Silva, Sâmia; Barbosa-Matos, Catarina; Granja, Sara; Reis, Rui Manuel; Queirós, Odília; Ko, Young H.; Kofler, Barbara; Casal, Margarida; Baltazar, Fátima; Granja, SaraAltered glycolytic metabolism has been associated with chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, there are still aspects that need clarification, as well as how to explore these metabolic alterations in therapy. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the role of glucose metabolism in the acquired resistance of AML cells to cytarabine (Ara-C) and to explore it as a therapeutic target. Resistance was induced by stepwise exposure of AML cells to increasing concentrations of Ara-C. Ara-C-resistant cells were characterized for their growth capacity, genetic alterations, metabolic profile, and sensitivity to different metabolic inhibitors. Ara-C-resistant AML cell lines, KG-1 Ara-R, and MOLM13 Ara-R presented different metabolic profiles. KG-1 Ara-R cells exhibited a more pronounced glycolytic phenotype than parental cells, with a weaker acute response to 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) but higher sensitivity after 48 h. KG-1 Ara-R cells also display increased respiration rates and are more sensitive to phenformin than parental cells. On the other hand, MOLM13 Ara-R cells display a glucose metabolism profile similar to parental cells, as well as sensitivity to glycolytic inhibitors. These results indicate that acquired resistance to Ara-C in AML may involve metabolic adaptations, which can be explored therapeutically in the AML patient setting who developed resistance to therapy.
- In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidinones as therapeutic agents for triple negative breast cancerPublication . Carvalho, Luísa; Lima, Fábio Pedroso de; Cerqueira, Mónica; Silva, Ana; Pontes, Olívia; Oliveira-Pinto, Sofia; Guerreiro, Sara; Costa, Marta D.; Granja, Sara; Maciel, Patrícia; Longatto-Filho, Adhemar; Baltazar, Fátima; Proença, Fernanda; Costa, Marta; Granja, SaraTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and the limited therapeutic options show poor efficacy in patients, associated to severe side effects and development of resistance. Considering that chromene-based scaffolds proved to be attractive candidates for cancer therapy, herein we prepared new chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidinone derivatives by a simple two step procedure, starting from the reaction of cyanoacetamide and a salicylaldehyde. A cell viability screening in several breast cancer cell lines allowed to identify two promising compounds with IC50 values in the low micromolar range for TNBC cells. These chromenes inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and triggered cell death through apoptosis. In vivo studies revealed a safe profile in invertebrate and vertebrate animal models and confirmed their capacity to inhibit tumor growth in the CAM model, inducing significant tumor regression after 4 days of treatment. The two compounds identified in this study are promising drug candidates for TNBC treatment and valuable hits for future optimization, using the versatile synthetic platform that was developed.
- Molecular techniques for the neonatal screening of spinal muscular atrophyPublication . Oliveira, Renata; Granja, Sara; Silva, Regina A.; Rocha, HugoSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by the homozygous deletion of the functional telomeric survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) exon 7. This absence causes a lack of the ubiquitous SMN protein which selectively destroys alfa motor neurons. Due to the disease severity, it is the leading genetic cause of infant death. The copy number of the centromeric SMN2 gene has an inverse correlation with the phenotype. SMA is currently classified in 5 types – Type 0 (lethal in womb or in the first weeks of life), Type I (approximately 50% of cases), Type 2 (children can sit alone), Type 3 (children can walk independently) and Type 4 (mildest form that appears in adults). Diagnosis is only made when symptoms arise and, by then, motor neurons are already irreversibly lost. Three therapies are now available, but they are most effective in the asymptomatic phase. To achieve this objective, the strategy is to include SMA in the panel of diseases screened in the Neonatal Screening (NS) Programs. In this sense, we describe the implementation of an in-house assay, that detects the absence of exon 7 of the SMN1 gene through the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique, adapted to NS. Normal controls and pathological samples collected from Guthrie cards were used. Our results show 100% concordance with the known genotypes (100% sensitivity and specificity). This method is a reliable, simple and affordable way to screen for this lethal disease.
- Targeting lysosomes in colorectal cancer: exploring the anticancer activity of a New Benzo[a]phenoxazine derivativePublication . Ferreira, João C. C.; Granja, Sara; Almeida, Ana F.; Baltazar, Fátima; Gonçalves, M. Sameiro T.; Preto, Ana; Sousa, Maria JoãoColorectal cancer (CRC) has been ranked as one of the cancer types with a higher incidence and one of the most mortal. There are limited therapies available for CRC, which urges the finding of intracellular targets and the discovery of new drugs for innovative therapeutic approaches. In addition to the limited number of effective anticancer agents approved for use in humans, CRC resistance and secondary effects stemming from classical chemotherapy remain a major clinical problem, reinforcing the need for the development of novel drugs. In the recent years, the phenoxazines derivatives, Nile Blue analogues, have been shown to possess anticancer activity, which has created interest in exploring the potential of these compounds as anticancer drugs. In this context, we have synthetized and evaluated the anticancer activity of different benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives for CRC therapy. Our results revealed that one particular compound, BaP1, displayed promising anticancer activity against CRC cells. We found that BaP1 is selective for CRC cells and reduces cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration. We observed that the compound is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, accumulates in the lysosomes, and leads to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, cytosolic acidification, and apoptotic cell death. In vivo results using a chicken embryo choriollantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that BaP1 inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and tumor proliferation. These observations highlight that BaP1 as a very interest ing agent to disturb and counteract the important roles of lysosomes in cancer and suggests BaP1 as a promising candidate to be exploited as new anticancer lysosomal-targeted agent, which uses lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) as a therapeutic approach in CRC.