Browsing by Author "Brezo-Borjan, Tanja"
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- Development and Characterization of Functional Cookies Enriched with Chestnut Shells Extract as Source of Bioactive Phenolic CompoundsPublication . Pinto, Diana; Moreira, Manuela M.; Vieira, Elsa F.; Švarc-Gajić, Jaroslava; Vallverdú-Queralt, Anna; Brezo-Borjan, Tanja; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Rodrigues, FranciscaChestnut (Castanea sativa) shells (CSs), an undervalued agro-industrial biowaste, have arisen as a source of bioactive compounds with promising health-promoting effects. This study attempted, for the first time, to develop a functional food, namely cookies, using a CS extract obtained by an eco-friendly technology (subcritical water extraction). The cookies were characterized regarding their nutritional composition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively), antioxidant/antiradical activities, phenolic profile, and sensory evaluation. The results demonstrated that the CS-extract-enriched cookies were mainly composed of carbohydrates (53.92% on dry weight (dw)), fat (32.62% dw), and fiber (5.15% dw). The phenolic profile outlined by HPLC-PDA revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannins, attesting to the high TPC and TFC. The in vitro antioxidant/antiradical effects proved the bioactivity of the functional cookies, while the sensory evaluation unveiled excellent scores on all attributes (≥6.25). The heatmap diagram corroborated strong correlations between the TPC and antioxidant/antiradical properties, predicting that the appreciated sensory attributes were closely correlated with high carbohydrates and phenolic compounds. This study encourages the sustainable recovery of antioxidants from CSs and their further employment as an active nutraceutical ingredient in functional cookies.
- ESG approach in the valorization of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) by-products by subcritical water: Application in the cosmetic industryPublication . Švarc-Gajić, Jaroslava; Brezo-Borjan, Tanja; Dzedik, Valentin; Rodrigues, Francisca; Morais, Simone; Delerue-Matos, CristinaIn this research valorization potentials of cocoa hull extracts in cosmetic industry, following Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria, have been investigated and reported, presenting increased value of this biowaste. The extracts of cocoa hull obtained by subcritical water were characterized in respect to chemical composition and certain bioactive properties, and were used to develop functional cosmetic formulation. In this work cocoa hull of cocoa beans originating from different geographical locations (Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Grenada) were extracted by subcritical water to obtain functional extracts rich in valuable compounds. The extracts were characterized in respect to their total proteins (10–27%), total phenols (37–45 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (14–21 mg RE/g) contents. In addition, the minerals K (41–60 mg/100 g), Na (0.78–1.17 mg/100 g), and Ca (2.47–5.94 mg/100 g) were also quantified. Antiradical activity against DPPH (IC50 ∼ 11–13 μg/ml) and ABTS (IC50 ∼ 7–9 μg/ml) radicals, as well as total antioxidant activity (∼14–20 mg EAK/100 g DE), were determined and compared for all extracts. The extract with the highest antioxidant and antiradical activity was used for the formulation of a functional cosmetic product – a day cream with sun protective properties and added qualities. The prepared facial cream was analysed in respect to basic quality parameters for cosmetic products, proving the safety of the newly developed product based on subcritical water extracts of cocoa hull. The application of subcritical water extraction, as a green technology, can significantly enhance the ESG development in the cosmetic industry.
- Influence of temperature on the subcritical water extraction of Actinidia arguta leaves: A screening of pro-healthy compoundsPublication . Silva, Ana Margarida; Luís, Ana Sofia; Moreira, Manuela M.; Ferraz, Ricardo; Brezo-Borjan, Tanja; Svarc-Gajic, Jaroslava; Costa, Paulo C.; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Rodrigues, FranciscaActinidia arguta is a species disseminated in Europe and classified by the Chinese Herbal Medicine as a medicinal plant. The fruit (kiwiberry) has been extensively exploited for multiple purposes, while leaves where discarded. The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) temperature (110 °C - 160 °C) of antioxidants and polyphenols from A. arguta leaves. The optimal temperature of extraction was 123 °C, revealing the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents and good scavenging efficiencies against HOCl (IC50 = 17.06 μg/mL) and O2●- (IC50 = 335.2 μg/mL), without toxicity on intestinal cells. The phenolic profile was characterized by high amounts of phenolic acids (e.g., gallic acids), flavanols (catechin) and flavonols (e.g., quercetin-3-O-galactoside). This work allows to conclude that SWE can be a useful extraction technique for the recovery of polyphenolics from A. arguta leaves.
- Influence of temperature on the subcritical water extraction of Actinidia arguta leaves: A screening of pro-healthy compoundsPublication . Silva, Ana Margarida; Luís, Ana Sofia; Moreira, Manuela M.; Ferraz, Ricardo; Brezo-Borjan, Tanja; Švarc-Gajić, Jaroslava; Costa, Paulo C.; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Rodrigues, FranciscaActinidia arguta is a species disseminated in Europe and classified by the Chinese Herbal Medicine as a medicinal plant. The fruit (kiwiberry) has been extensively exploited for multiple purposes, while leaves where discarded. The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) temperature (110 °C - 160 °C) of antioxidants and polyphenols from A. arguta leaves. The optimal temperature of extraction was 123 °C, revealing the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents and good scavenging efficiencies against HOCl (IC50 = 17.06 μg/mL) and O2●- (IC50 = 335.2 μg/mL), without toxicity on intestinal cells. The phenolic profile was characterized by high amounts of phenolic acids (e.g., gallic acids), flavanols (catechin) and flavonols (e.g., quercetin-3-O-galactoside). This work allows to conclude that SWE can be a useful extraction technique for the recovery of polyphenolics from A. arguta leaves
- Salicornia ramosissima: A New Green Cosmetic Ingredient with Promising Skin EffectsPublication . Correia, Ana; Silva, Ana Margarida; Moreira, Manuela M.; Salazar, Miguel; Švarc-Gajić, Jaroslava; Brezo-Borjan, Tanja; Cádiz-Gurrea, Maria de la Luz; Carretero, Antonio Segura; Loschi, Francesca; Dall’Acqua, Stefano; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Rodrigues, FranciscaThis study aims to validate a new cosmetic ingredient from Salicornia ramosissima S J. Woods through in vitro and ex vivo assays. The halophyte extracts were obtained by subcritical water extraction (SWE) at different temperatures (110, 120, 140, 160 and 180 °C). The antioxidant/radical scavenging activities and the phenolic profile were screened for all extracts. The optimal extract was assessed in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, while permeation assays were performed in Franz cells. The inhibitory activity of hyaluronidase and elastase was also evaluated. The sample extracted at 180 °C presented the highest phenolic content (1739.28 mg/100 g of dry weight (dw)). Despite not being efficient in the sequestration of ABTS•+, this extract scavenged the DPPH• (IC50 = 824.57 µg/mL). The scavenging capacity of superoxide (O2•−) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was also considerable (respectively, IC50 = 158.87 µg/mL and IC50 = 5.80 µg/mL). The cell viability assays confirmed the absence of negative effects on keratinocytes, while the fibroblasts’ viability slightly decreased. The ex vivo permeation of rutin, quercetin and syringic acid after 24 h was, respectively, 11, 20 and 11%. Additionally, the extract showed a good elastase and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity. The results obtained support the S. ramosissima bioactivity as a cosmetic ingredient.