Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-04"
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- Dissociating self reported interoceptive accuracy and attention: Evidence from a Portuguese community samplePublication . Campos, Carlos; Rocha, Nuno; Barbosa, FernandoThe 2x2 factorial model has been recently proposed as a promising framework to measure individual differences in interoception. The first factor addresses which domain is being measured (interoceptive accuracy vs. attention), while the second distinguishes how it is being measured (self-report beliefs vs. objective performance). The current study examined the association between self-reported interoceptive accuracy and attention. We hypothesized no linear association between these constructs, although a quadratic U-shaped association was expected. Furthermore, alexithymia should be differentially related to interoceptive accuracy and attention. An online community sample (*n *= 515) completed the Interoceptive Accuracy Scale (IAS), the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ) *ndexing self-reported interoceptive attention, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). Pearson correlations, Steiger’s Z-test, polynomial regression analysis, and two-lines testing were used for statistical analysis. IAS was positively correlated with BPQ, r = .204, p < .001. In the polynomial regression analysis, the linear model indicated a positive association between IAS and BPQ (4.2%), but the quadratic term explained an additional 12.7% of the variance. Two-lines testing indicated a U-shaped association between self-report interoceptive accuracy and attention. IAS was negatively correlated with TAS, r = -.291, p < .001, while there was no significant association between BPQ and TAS, r = -.030, p = .500, as these correlations were statistically different. These results suggest that interoceptive accuracy and attention can be dissociated using self-report measures and may display a quadratic U-shaped association, providing further evidence for the 2x2 factorial model. Future studies should explore the non-linear relationship between interoceptive accuracy and attention using alternative questionnaires and performance-based measures.
- Healthcare, clinical factors and rehabilitation predicting quality of life in first-time stroke patients: a 12-month longitudinal studyPublication . Barbosa, Pedro Maciel; Ferreira, Lara Noronha; Cruz, Vitor Tedim; Silva, Augusta; Szrek, HelenaOne of the long-term rehabilitation goals in stroke survivors is to achieve the best health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study analyzes the evolution of HRQoL one-year post-stroke to establish the main pre-stroke, clinical, health care and rehabilitation predictors. This study uses patient-level data from a one-year single-center prospective cohort study of first stroke patients, assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. A generalized linear model with a linear response determined independent predictors of HRQol with EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D. The model included age, gender, scholarity, monthly income, residence, occupation, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), length of stay, door-to-neurological examination time, access, frequency, and satisfaction with rehabilitation care. A total of 391 acute stroke patients, with a mean disability of 3.7 and severity of 11.7 participated. A decline of HRQoL was observed from baseline to the first three months in both indexes, with an increase in HRQoL at 3 months until 12 months. Scores were significantly lower compared to corresponding population norms throughout follow-up, mostly affected by stroke severity, disability, rehabilitation access and frequency. Higher HRQoL was associated with lower mRS, NIHSS, age, length of stay, and with higher BI, MMSE, scholarity, occupation, and rehabilitation care. Clinical measures and rehabilitation care were the strongest HRQoL predictors of stroke survivors regardless of severity levels. These findings may contribute to the development of future health policies that focus on post-stroke recovery.
- Education for Sustainable Development: Engineering Student Success with EPS@ISEPPublication . Malheiro, Benedita; Guedes, Pedro; Duarte, Abel J.; Silva, Manuel F.; Ferreira, PauloMotivation is the key to academic success. In the case of engineering, autonomous project teamwork guided by ethics and sustainability concerns acts as a major student motivator. Moreover, it empowers students to become lifelong learners and agents of sustainable development. Engineering schools can thus address simultaneously these two essential education goals – learning and academic success – by challenging students to find innovative, sustainable solutions in a learner-centred set-up.This paper describes how the European Project Semester (EPS), a capstone engineering programme offered by the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), combines challenge-based learning, ethics and sustainability-driven problem-solving, and international multidisciplinary teamwork to achieve both goals.
- The psychopathic heart: empathy, interoception, and psychopathy traits in adolescentsPublication . Marinho, Elisabete; Alves, Isabel; Pereira, Mariana R.; Rocha, Nuno; Barbosa, Fernando; Campos, CarlosThe link between empathy and psychopathy phenotypes (grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional and impulsive-irresponsible) as well as its underlying mechanisms, are far from being consensual, especially in developmental samples. To explore the differential associations between psychopathy phenotypes, empathy domains (cognitive and affective), and interoception in a community sample of adolescents. 64 adolescents (14.95 years; 42.2% males) completed an online survey that assessed psychopathy phenotypes (Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory), cognitive and affective empathy (Basic Empathy Scale), and interoceptive accuracy (Interoceptive Accuracy Scale) as well as alexithymia for control purposes (Toronto Alexithymia Scale). Zero-order correlations, t-tests, and hierarchical linear regressions were employed for statistical analysis. Callous-unemotional traits were negatively correlated with both empathy domains, while impulsive-irresponsible traits were only negatively correlated to cognitive empathy, despite these associations being marginally significant in multivariate analysis. Grandiose-manipulative traits were not related to either empathy domain. There were no associations between interoceptive accuracy and psychopathy phenotypes after controlling for age, sex, and alexithymia. Empathy domains seem to be differentially related to psychopathy phenotypes in adolescents. The contributing role of interoception in this association should be further explored using larger sample sizes and alternative measures.
- Stock structure of the Brazilian sardine Sardinella brasiliensis from Southwest Atlantic Ocean inferred from otolith elemental signaturesPublication . Schroeder, Rafael; Pinto, Edgar; Almeida, Agostinho; T. Correia, Alberto; Paulo R. SchwingelThe Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) supports the most important pelagic fishery in the southeast-south Brazil. The first studies on the population structure of S. brasiliensis suggested the existence of two stocks taking into account distinct regional somatic growth rates and spawning areas. However, subsequent works were unable to confirm this scenario, and at present for fisheries management purposes a single stock is considered in Brazil. In order to unravel the stock structure of S. brasiliensis, ninety adult individuals (two-year-old fish) were collected between February and October 2018 in three fishing grounds within its distribution area [Rio de Janeiro (RJ),Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS)]. Multi-elemental signatures of whole otoliths were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and combined with basic biological data (somatic condi- tion, sex and gonadal developmental stages). A generalized linear model found somatic growth rates significantly different across regions. Whole otolith chemical signatures exhibited distinct regional patterns, mainly driven by differences in Ba/Ca, Cu/Ca, Li/Ca, Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Zn/Ca. Combining somatic and reproductive data with multi-elemental signatures, the leave-one-out reclassification reassigned the individuals to their areas of origin with a high accuracy (100%, 93% and 87% for RJ, SC and RS, respectively). The results indicate a spatial isolation for the RJ individuals and some degree of intermixing between SC and RS. The data suggest that these fishing grounds should be considered as two stocks (RJ and SC+RS) for fisheries management purposes, although the southern stock is not necessarily homogeneous.
- Influence of temperature on the subcritical water extraction of Actinidia arguta leaves: A screening of pro-healthy compoundsPublication . Silva, Ana Margarida; Luís, Ana Sofia; Moreira, Manuela M.; Ferraz, Ricardo; Brezo-Borjan, Tanja; Svarc-Gajic, Jaroslava; Costa, Paulo C.; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Rodrigues, FranciscaActinidia arguta is a species disseminated in Europe and classified by the Chinese Herbal Medicine as a medicinal plant. The fruit (kiwiberry) has been extensively exploited for multiple purposes, while leaves where discarded. The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) temperature (110 °C - 160 °C) of antioxidants and polyphenols from A. arguta leaves. The optimal temperature of extraction was 123 °C, revealing the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents and good scavenging efficiencies against HOCl (IC50 = 17.06 μg/mL) and O2●- (IC50 = 335.2 μg/mL), without toxicity on intestinal cells. The phenolic profile was characterized by high amounts of phenolic acids (e.g., gallic acids), flavanols (catechin) and flavonols (e.g., quercetin-3-O-galactoside). This work allows to conclude that SWE can be a useful extraction technique for the recovery of polyphenolics from A. arguta leaves.
- Influence of temperature on the subcritical water extraction of Actinidia arguta leaves: A screening of pro-healthy compoundsPublication . Silva, Ana Margarida; Luís, Ana Sofia; Moreira, Manuela M.; Ferraz, Ricardo; Brezo-Borjan, Tanja; Švarc-Gajić, Jaroslava; Costa, Paulo C.; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Rodrigues, FranciscaActinidia arguta is a species disseminated in Europe and classified by the Chinese Herbal Medicine as a medicinal plant. The fruit (kiwiberry) has been extensively exploited for multiple purposes, while leaves where discarded. The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) temperature (110 °C - 160 °C) of antioxidants and polyphenols from A. arguta leaves. The optimal temperature of extraction was 123 °C, revealing the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents and good scavenging efficiencies against HOCl (IC50 = 17.06 μg/mL) and O2●- (IC50 = 335.2 μg/mL), without toxicity on intestinal cells. The phenolic profile was characterized by high amounts of phenolic acids (e.g., gallic acids), flavanols (catechin) and flavonols (e.g., quercetin-3-O-galactoside). This work allows to conclude that SWE can be a useful extraction technique for the recovery of polyphenolics from A. arguta leaves
- Employing Intelligent Aerial Data Aggregators for Internet of Things: Challenges and SolutionsPublication . Li, Kai; Ni, W.; Noor, Alam; Guizani, MohsenInternet-of-Things (IoT) devices equipped with temperature and humidity sensors, and cameras are increasingly deployed to monitor remote and human-unfriendly areas, e.g., farmlands, forests, rural highways or electricity infrastructures. Aerial data aggregators, e.g., autonomous drones, provide a promising solution for collecting sensory data of the IoT devices in human-unfriendly environments, enhancing network scalability and connectivity. The flexibility of a drone and favourable line-of-sight connection between the drone and IoT devices can be exploited to improve data reception at the drone. This article first discusses challenges of the drone-assisted data aggregation in IoT networks, such as incomplete network knowledge at the drone, limited buffers of the IoT devices, and lossy wireless channels. Next, we investigate the feasibility of onboard deep reinforcement learning-based solutions to allow a drone to learn its cruise control and data collection schedule online. For deep reinforcement learning in a continuous operation domain, deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) is suitable to deliver effective joint cruise control and communication decision, using its outdated knowledge of the IoT devices and network states. A case study shows that the DDPG-based framework can take advantage of the continuous actions to substantially outperform existing non-learning-based alternatives.
- Análise da secção A. Caracterização da AmostraPublication . Moreira, Ana; Farinha, Carla Sofia; Rigueiro, Constança; Simão, João; Santos-Reis, Margarida; Duarte, Marina; Caeiro, SandraPrimeiro capítulo do relatório promovido pela Rede Campus Sustentável (RCS) e realizado pelos Grupos de Trabalho da RCS durante 2021.
- Análise da secção D. Igualdade de GéneroPublication . Duarte, Marina; Velosa, Ana; Moreira, Ana; Brito, Miguel Centeno; Disterheft, AntjeQuarto capítulo do relatório promovido pela Rede Campus Sustentável (RCS) e realizado pelos Grupos de Trabalho da RCS durante 2021.
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