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Browsing ESS - CSH - Livro, parte de livro ou capítulo de livro by Author "Barbosa, Fernando"
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- Computer-based neuropsychological rehabilitationPublication . Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Barbosa, Fernando; Guerreiro, Sandra; Almeida, Isabel; Carvalho, Irene PalmaresNeurocognitive rehabilitation of people with acquired brain injury (ABI) is a part of neuropsychological rehabilitation that has gained increased interest in response to the growing incidence of this type of injury and to the possibility of post-injury survival, often associated with physical and cognitive deficits, as well as emotional and behavioral changes. These problems call for the need of innovative interventions that can overcome the limitations of traditional approaches to ABI.
- Neuropsychological assessment from traditional to ICT-based instrumentsPublication . Almeida, Isabel; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Pinto, Paula; Guerreiro, Sandra; Barbosa, FernandoClinical Neuropsychology can be defined as the field of knowledge dedicated to the study of brain (dys)function in its relations to cognition, emotion and behavior. The development of this applied field is associated with the recognition, from several areas of knowledge, that people’s behaviors and reactions are dependent on brain structures (Stringer, Cooley, & Christensen, 2002). This idea had been present in medical practice for several epochs, but it has gradually diminished its presence under the influence of other beliefs. World War II prompted the growth of neuropsychology as a scientific discipline, and revival of interest in brain-behavior understanding (Camargo, Bolognani, & Zuccolo, 2008). The necessity to evaluate, diagnose and rehabilitate cognitive, emotional and behavioral disorders presented by brain injured soldiers constituted a crucial moment for clinical neuropsychological practices. It created large-scale demands for neuropsychological evaluations and rehabilitation programs, promoting the development of observational and experimental studies about brain (dys)functions, and refined examination and intervention methods. In the last decades, with the development of advanced neuroimaging techniques, the knowledge of biological and biochemical basis of brain structures has progressed the understanding of mechanisms underpinning our behaviors and thoughts. These techniques have been widely diffused and used for the detection and localization of brain damage areas (Buckner, Wheeler, & Sheridan, 2001). As a consequence neuropsychological assessment had to change it’s primarily goal and focus of interest away from an emphasis on helping to identify hypothesized lesion locations. It must now assist clinicians in understanding the extension and impact of cognitive, behavioral and socio-emotional consequences of brain injury on people’s life in an integrated basis with current advances (Camargo et al., 2008).
- Neuropsychology rehabilitationPublication . Guerreiro, Sandra; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Castro-Caldas, Alexandre; Barbosa, FernandoAcquired Brain Injury (ABI) is currently recognized by the World Health Organization as being an issue of public health, usually resulting in disorders which impact the different areas of human functioning – biological, psychological and social. Developments in medicine and in acute and sub-acute healthcare now permit a good level of physical-functional recovery. It is the psychological effects however (cognitive, emotional and behavioral) - most persistent in the long term - which are the main cause of the difficulties that ABI patients have in reintegration into their various life contexts. For this reason, ABI has been referred to as a ‘silent epidemic’.
- Significance of virtual reality-based rehabilitation in acquired brain injuryPublication . Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Mendes, Liliana; Carvalho, Irene P.; Guerreiro, Sandra; Almeida, Isabel; Barbosa, FernandoRecent research has shown the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) in the field of rehabilitation, namely neurocognitive rehabilitation. This technology will certainly revolutionize the rehabilitation of the future. Its advantages include greater ecological validity than conventional rehabilitation methods, provision of safe contexts for learning/training, the possibility of programs to be contingent on patient performance, with increasing levels of task difficulty and provision of immediate feedback, and the use of a “game factor” that promotes motivation for participation. These are important aspects in the rehabilitation of patients with acquired brain injury. Patients with this and other types of neurological injuries endure cognitive deficits that cause difficulties in independent functioning and daily-life activities. Their rehabilitation calls for systematic intervention programs that are theoretically grounded and use innovative approaches to their advantage. In this paper we present a review about the advantages of VR in the generalization of acquired skills to real-life contexts, to promote patients' functionality and quality of life, and propose an innovative program of neurocognitive rehabilitation. Research in the field shows positive effects of VR programs, but urges progress in terms of the development of techniques (e.g., facial synthesis and of more research on the impact of these interventions. Future studies should also explore the existence of neuro-anatomical correlates of behavioral changes, contributing to the investigation of the relationship between neural plasticity and behavior and providing evidence for clinical practice.