Loading...
Publication
Estudo de viabilidade técnico-económica da instalação de caldeiras a biomassa para o aquecimento central do ISEP
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.3 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Neste projeto pretende-se utilizar uma fonte energética renovável (nomeadamente a
biomassa), no âmbito da produção de água quente para aquecimento central das instalações
do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). O objetivo principal remete para a
avaliação técnico-económica da substituição das quinze caldeiras existentes, alimentadas a
gás natural, por seis caldeiras alimentadas a biomassa, nomeadamente a pellets. Desta forma,
permite-se apostar na biomassa como uma alternativa para reduzir a dependência dos
combustíveis fósseis.
Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma comparação realista do sistema de aquecimento existente
face ao novo a implementar, alimentado por um combustível renovável utilizando caldeiras
a pellets de 85% de rendimento.
Para realizar esta comparação, usou-se as faturas energéticas de gás natural do ISEP, o custo
da quantidade equivalente necessária de pellets, os custos de manutenção dos dois tipos de
caldeiras e, os custos do consumo de energia elétrica por parte de ambas as caldeiras. Com
este estudo, estimou-se uma poupança anual de 84.100,76 €/ano.
Determinaram-se experimentalmente, em laboratório, os parâmetros essenciais de uma
amostra de pellets, que foram usados para calcular as necessidades energéticas em biomassa
no ISEP, bem como a produção de cinzas gerada por parte das caldeiras. Foi proposto um
destino ambientalmente adequado para os 788,5 kg/ano de cinzas obtidas – a utilização na
compostagem, após tratamento e aprovação de ensaios ecotoxicológicos realizados pela
empresa que fará a sua recolha.
As caldeiras a pellets terão um consumo mínimo teórico de 16,47 kgpellets/h, consumindo
previsivelmente 197,13 tpellets/ano. Para este efeito, serão usadas caldeiras Quioto de 150 kW
da marca Zantia. Para comparar distintas possibilidades de investimento para o projeto,
avaliaram-se dois cenários: um foi escolhido de forma a cobrir o somatório da potência
instalada das caldeiras atuais e o outro de forma a responder aos consumos energéticos em
aquecimento atuais. Além disso, avaliaram-se cenários de financiamento do investimento distintos: um dos
cenários corresponde ao pagamento do investimento total do projeto no momento da
aquisição das caldeiras, enquanto o outro cenário, mais provável de ser escolhido, refere-se
ao pedido de um empréstimo ao banco, no valor de 75% do investimento total. Para o cenário
mais provável de investimento, obteve-se um VAL de 291.364,93 €/ano, com taxa interna
de rentabilidade (TIR) de 17 %, um índice de rentabilidade (IR) de 1,85 e um período de
retorno (PBP) de 5 anos. Todos os cenários avaliados registam rentabilidade do projeto de
investimento, sem risco para o projeto.
In this project, it is intended to emphasize the use of biomass as a renewable energy source, within the framework of the production of hot water for central heating of the facilities of the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). The main goal refers to the replacement of the fifteen existing boilers, powered by natural gas, for six biomass powered boilers, particularly using pellets. Thus, it allows on relying on biomass as an alternative to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this project it is presented a realistic comparison of the existing heating system over the proposed one powered by a renewable fuel, that is 85% efficiency biomass boilers. For this purpose, it was used the natural gas energy bills of ISEP, the cost of the required amount of pellets, maintenance costs of the two types of boilers and the electric energy costs for both boilers. With this study, it was estimated an 84,100.76 €/year of savings. It was experimentally determined, in laboratory, the fundamental parameters of a pellet sample, that were needed to estimate the energy requirements (in biomass) for ISEP, as well as the production of ashes generated by boilers. An environmentaly adequate destination was proposed for the 927.44 kg/year of ashes, that is composting, after treatment and approval of ecotoxicological tests conducted by the company that will be hired for its collection. The boilers have a theoretical minimum consumption of 16.47 kgpellets/h, with a predicted consumption of 197.13 t/year. For this purpose, it will be installed Quioto 150 kW boilers from Zantia. To analyze various investment possibilities for the project, it was evaluated two scenarios, one was chosen to cover the installed capacity of the actual boilers and the other was chosen as the one that meets the actual energy needs. One of the scenarios matches the payment of the total investment of the project at once, while the other scenario, most likely to be chosen, refers to a bank loan, for the amount of 75% of total investment. For the most probable investment scenario, it was provided a VAL of 291,364.93 €/year, a TIR of 17 %, a return on investment (ROI) of 1.85 and a payback period (PBP) of 5 years. All evaluated investment scenarios are rentable, without risk to the project.
In this project, it is intended to emphasize the use of biomass as a renewable energy source, within the framework of the production of hot water for central heating of the facilities of the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). The main goal refers to the replacement of the fifteen existing boilers, powered by natural gas, for six biomass powered boilers, particularly using pellets. Thus, it allows on relying on biomass as an alternative to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this project it is presented a realistic comparison of the existing heating system over the proposed one powered by a renewable fuel, that is 85% efficiency biomass boilers. For this purpose, it was used the natural gas energy bills of ISEP, the cost of the required amount of pellets, maintenance costs of the two types of boilers and the electric energy costs for both boilers. With this study, it was estimated an 84,100.76 €/year of savings. It was experimentally determined, in laboratory, the fundamental parameters of a pellet sample, that were needed to estimate the energy requirements (in biomass) for ISEP, as well as the production of ashes generated by boilers. An environmentaly adequate destination was proposed for the 927.44 kg/year of ashes, that is composting, after treatment and approval of ecotoxicological tests conducted by the company that will be hired for its collection. The boilers have a theoretical minimum consumption of 16.47 kgpellets/h, with a predicted consumption of 197.13 t/year. For this purpose, it will be installed Quioto 150 kW boilers from Zantia. To analyze various investment possibilities for the project, it was evaluated two scenarios, one was chosen to cover the installed capacity of the actual boilers and the other was chosen as the one that meets the actual energy needs. One of the scenarios matches the payment of the total investment of the project at once, while the other scenario, most likely to be chosen, refers to a bank loan, for the amount of 75% of total investment. For the most probable investment scenario, it was provided a VAL of 291,364.93 €/year, a TIR of 17 %, a return on investment (ROI) of 1.85 and a payback period (PBP) of 5 years. All evaluated investment scenarios are rentable, without risk to the project.
Description
Keywords
Avaliação técnico-económica Biomassa Caldeira Combustão Pellets Biomass Boiler Combustion Technical-economical evaluation