| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM_CarinaOliveira_MSOL_2019 | 548.12 KB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O tema central deste trabalho é a análise do regime da cláusula penal
prevista no artigo 810.º do Código Civil (CC). Neste sentido, procuramos analisar
o conceito e as funções da cláusula penal, bem como a sua natureza jurídica.
Assim, começamos por definir aquela figura, enquanto cláusula acessória
de um contrato. Ao longo do trabalho abordar-se-ão, também, as funções que a
cláusula penal pode assumir, nomeadamente, a função indemnizatória e a
função compulsória. Pode-se adiantar que em ambos os casos, o que se
pretende é reforçar ou assegurar a reação legal contra o não cumprimento de
forma antecipada.
Seguidamente, passaremos à análise comparativa do regime do sinal
perante a cláusula penal. Concluiremos que embora existam pontos de
convergência entre ambas as figuras, algumas diferenças se verificam no seu
funcionamento, desde logo no facto de que no sinal há uma entrega efetiva de
uma coisa por uma das partes à outra. Iremos também abordar as espécies que
o sinal pode assumir, designadamente, o sinal confirmatório e o sinal penitencial.
Por último, irá analisar-se o regime da cláusula penal na perspetiva do
direito comparado, abordando brevemente o seu regime em vários
ordenamentos jurídicos europeus.
The 810.º article of the Código Civil provides a very complex and rich clause, knowned as the penal clause. Following the complexity of it, we start by concluding that this clause can be interpreted in various ways and used as a powerful resource in a contract. Going deeper into this analyze we start to understand that we can divide the penal clause in two types, being compulsory function and compensatory function. In both cases the final intention is to reinforce the legal action and protect the ones involved. Moving forward, there’s an interesting point to distinguish with the penal clause, that being the deposit signal. Between these two concepts we will find some similarities but at the same time some differences. That said, the deposit signal implies the act of delivering, while the penal clause establishes an agreement between the ones involved. Considering everything that was studied and analyzed until now, we will proceed by studying the same concepts in differents European legal systems.
The 810.º article of the Código Civil provides a very complex and rich clause, knowned as the penal clause. Following the complexity of it, we start by concluding that this clause can be interpreted in various ways and used as a powerful resource in a contract. Going deeper into this analyze we start to understand that we can divide the penal clause in two types, being compulsory function and compensatory function. In both cases the final intention is to reinforce the legal action and protect the ones involved. Moving forward, there’s an interesting point to distinguish with the penal clause, that being the deposit signal. Between these two concepts we will find some similarities but at the same time some differences. That said, the deposit signal implies the act of delivering, while the penal clause establishes an agreement between the ones involved. Considering everything that was studied and analyzed until now, we will proceed by studying the same concepts in differents European legal systems.
Description
Keywords
Cláusula penal Função indemnizatória Função compulsória Dupla função Admissibilidade da cláusula penal Sinal