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Abstract(s)
A revolução industrial começou no final do século XVIII e o crescimento económico desde aí é baseado no elevado consumo de combustíveis fósseis. A utilização destes combustíveis provoca a libertação de gases que resultam no efeito de estufa, essa emissão e a sua exiguidade tem uma grande relevância nas agendas de política mundial desde 1980.
A produção de energia elétrica através de fontes renováveis, como a energia solar, apresenta vários benefícios ambientais, tais como a inexistência de poluição durante o seu uso, apenas existe poluição no decorrer da fabricação dos equipamentos, contudo é perfeitamente controlável. Os painéis solares têm cada vez mais potência instalada e ao mesmo tempo o seu custo tem vindo a decair abruptamente, tornando esta solução economicamente viável. É também uma solução para países como o nosso que tem escassos recursos de origem fóssil e uma excelente exposição solar, minimizando assim, a dependência energética do exterior.
Neste trabalho pretende-se perceber qual a melhor opção em termos de tecnologias de produção de energia que recorrem à energia solar, se os painéis solares constituídos por silício policristalino ou os painéis solares com silício amorfo.
Para isso, recorreu-se a produções de duas centrais já existentes, cada central com a respetiva tecnologia, policristalino e amorfo, fazendo diversas análises e considerando diversos fatores.
Conclui-se então que a melhor opção na escolha de painéis fotovoltaicos para uma central de produção de energia elétrica seria os painéis constituídos por silício amorfo, pois apesar de a central necessitar de uma maior área apresentam uma performance superior e um tempo de retorno de investimento menor, tal como se irá demonstrar ao longo desta dissertação.
The industrial revolution in the late XVIII century and since then the economic growth is due to a high fossil fuels consumption. The use of these fuels causes the release of gases that result in greenhouse effect which has been an issue of great importance in global politics agendas since 1980. The production of energy from renewable sources such as solar energy has many environmental benefits such as the absence of pollution during the utilization of the energy itself. The only pollution associated is related with the equipment manufacturing that is perfectly manageable. Solar panels are increasingly powerful while their cost has declined abruptly, making them an economically viable solution and specially a solution for countries like ours that has scarce fossil fuels resources thus minimizing the dependence on foreign energy. This work aims to understand which is the best option considering solar energy, solar panels that are made of polycrystalline silicon or amorphous silicon. For this, we used to the production of two existing plants, each plant with the respective technology, polycrystalline and amorphous, making several analyzes considering several factors. It was concluded that the best option in choosing photovoltaic panels for electricity production plant would be the panels made of amorphous silicon, because although the central require a larger area, own a higher performance and a lower investment payback time, as it will demonstrate along this dissertation.
The industrial revolution in the late XVIII century and since then the economic growth is due to a high fossil fuels consumption. The use of these fuels causes the release of gases that result in greenhouse effect which has been an issue of great importance in global politics agendas since 1980. The production of energy from renewable sources such as solar energy has many environmental benefits such as the absence of pollution during the utilization of the energy itself. The only pollution associated is related with the equipment manufacturing that is perfectly manageable. Solar panels are increasingly powerful while their cost has declined abruptly, making them an economically viable solution and specially a solution for countries like ours that has scarce fossil fuels resources thus minimizing the dependence on foreign energy. This work aims to understand which is the best option considering solar energy, solar panels that are made of polycrystalline silicon or amorphous silicon. For this, we used to the production of two existing plants, each plant with the respective technology, polycrystalline and amorphous, making several analyzes considering several factors. It was concluded that the best option in choosing photovoltaic panels for electricity production plant would be the panels made of amorphous silicon, because although the central require a larger area, own a higher performance and a lower investment payback time, as it will demonstrate along this dissertation.
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Keywords
Energias Renováveis Energia Solar Fotovoltaica Microprodução Silício Policristalino Silício Amorfo Amorphous Silicon Microproduction Photovoltaic Solar Energy Polycrystalline Silicon Renewable Energy