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Abstract(s)
O balanceamento de uma linha de produção tem como objetivo anular o “gargalo” de produção, promovendo o máximo de produtividade e eficiência, mantendo o ritmo de trabalho adequado do processo produtivo. Desta forma, o presente projeto foca-se na identificação e eliminação de desperdícios, melhorando os processos de montagem, mediante o estudo dos tempos de ciclo dos postos de trabalhos e as tarefas executadas por cada operador. Na análise feita à linha, é descrito o processo com todas as tarefas inerentes à montagem da cadeira porta-bebé, bem como as fotografias da instrução de trabalho e controlo que auxiliam a montagem da cadeira. De igual forma são apresentados os dados recolhidos inicialmente e a proposta de melhoria. Posto isto, foi criada uma interface com o Excel, que indica qual o número teórico de operadores necessários, dado o nº de encomendas requeridas para um determinado período de tempo. Esta interface recorre a um problema de otimização, que é resolvido com recurso do Solver para efetuar a afetação das diferentes tarefas aos operadores. A análise feita, se for implementada, poderá ter um impacto positivo na produção final das cadeiras porta-bebés, no que diz respeito à diminuição de filas de espera entre postos, diminuição dos tempos de inatividade e aumento da eficiência da linha. Este modelo proposto pode ser ajustado às restantes linhas de montagem com vista à sua otimização.
Balancing a production line aims to eliminate the production “bottleneck”, promoting maximum productivity and efficiency, maintaining the proper work rhythm of the production process. In this way, the present project focuses on the identification and elimination of waste, improving the assembly processes, by studying the cycle times of the workstations and the tasks performed by each operator. In the analysis carried out on the line, the process is described with all the tasks inherent to the assembly of the baby seat, as well as the photographs of the work and control instructions that help the assembly of the chair. Likewise, the data collected initially and the improvement proposal are presented. Thus said, an interface was created with Excel, which indicates the theoretical number of operators needed, given the number of orders required for a certain period of time. This interface uses an optimization problem, which is solved using Solver to allocate the different tasks to the operators. The analysis carried out, if implemented, could have a positive impact on the final production of baby seats, in terms of reducing queues between stations, reducing downtime and increasing the efficiency of the line. This proposed model can be adjusted to the remaining assembly lines with a view to its optimization.
Balancing a production line aims to eliminate the production “bottleneck”, promoting maximum productivity and efficiency, maintaining the proper work rhythm of the production process. In this way, the present project focuses on the identification and elimination of waste, improving the assembly processes, by studying the cycle times of the workstations and the tasks performed by each operator. In the analysis carried out on the line, the process is described with all the tasks inherent to the assembly of the baby seat, as well as the photographs of the work and control instructions that help the assembly of the chair. Likewise, the data collected initially and the improvement proposal are presented. Thus said, an interface was created with Excel, which indicates the theoretical number of operators needed, given the number of orders required for a certain period of time. This interface uses an optimization problem, which is solved using Solver to allocate the different tasks to the operators. The analysis carried out, if implemented, could have a positive impact on the final production of baby seats, in terms of reducing queues between stations, reducing downtime and increasing the efficiency of the line. This proposed model can be adjusted to the remaining assembly lines with a view to its optimization.
Description
Keywords
Programação da produção Linhas de produção e montagem Balanceamento de Linhas Production scheduling Production and assembly lines Line balancing