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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho foi realizado na empresa Continental Mabor, no âmbito da unidade
curricular Dissertação/Estágio do curso de Mestrado em Engenharia Química do Instituto
Superior de Engenharia do Porto.
O principal objetivo deste projeto consistiu na construção de uma ferramenta informática
(Excel), que permitisse quantificar e simular o impacto nas propriedades físicas e reológicas
dos compostos de borracha devido à variação da quantidade de determinadas matérias-primas.
Para tal, foram realizados testes a diferentes compostos, de Negro de Fumo e de Sílica, tendo
sido selecionadas variáveis relacionadas com a composição dos compostos de borracha - negro
de fumo, óleo, borracha líquida, enxofre e aceleradores. Estes ensaios consistiram na alteração
da receita do composto, que transformada numa especificação permite o agendamento do teste.
Os ensaios são realizados à escala industrial, com acompanhamento, onde são produzidos cerca
de 1000 kg de composto, e retiradas quatro amostras que serão analisadas pelo laboratório da
Continental Mabor. Posteriormente, procedeu-se ao tratamento dos resultados obtidos
relacionando-se as propriedades dos diferentes ensaios.
No estudo realizado para a variação do negro de fumo concluiu-se que, para os compostos
designados por Negro de Fumo, as alterações testadas, podem não ter sido suficientes para diluir
o impacto de outras variáveis, como a intervenção humana, a variação das pesagens e os
impactos inerentes ao uso do equipamento. Por este motivo, os valores simulados não foram
considerados representativos contrariamente aos valores obtidos pelo simulador para
compostos de Sílica. Relativamente ao módulo de armazenamento, foi possível verificar que
para baixas deformações há uma maior interação enchedor-enchedor, ou seja, quanto maior for
a quantidade deste elemento, maior será o efeito de Payne. No estudo da variação do óleo e da
borracha líquida, verificou-se que tanto as propriedades físicas como as reológicas apresentam
a mesma tendência. Os valores simulados apresentaram melhor representatividade nos
compostos de Negro de Fumo do que nos compostos de Sílica.
Por fim, através do estudo da variação do enxofre e aceleradores, os compostos de Negro
de Fumo mostraram uma melhor representatividade devido ao facto de se ter realizado uma
maior amostragem de testes. Da mesma forma que a rede hidrodinâmica contribui para o efeito
de Payne, é possível afirmar que a rede polimérica impacta na mesma dimensão o G’ 1 e 100%.
This work was carried out at Continental Mabor, as part of the Dissertation/Internship course of the Master's degree in Chemical Engineering at the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. The main objective of this project was to build a computer tool (Excel) that would allow the impact on the physical and rheological properties of rubber compounds due to variations in the amount of certain raw materials to be quantified and simulated. To this end, tests were carried out on different compounds - carbon black and silica - and variables related to the composition of the rubber compounds were selected - carbon black, oil, liquid rubber, sulphur and accelerators. These tests consisted of altering the compound recipe, which, when transformed into a specification, allows the test to be scheduled. The tests are carried out on an industrial scale, with monitoring, where around 1000 kg of compound are produced and four samples are taken and analyzed by Continental Mabor's laboratory. Subsequently, the results obtained were processed by relating the properties of the different tests. In the study carried out for the variation in carbon black, it was concluded that, for the compounds designated as Carbon Black, the changes tested may not have been sufficient to dilute the impact of other variables, such as human intervention, the variation in weighing and the impacts inherent in the use of the equipment. For this reason, the simulated values were not considered representative, unlike the values obtained by the simulator for silica compounds. With regard to the storage modulus, it was possible to verify that for low deformations there is a greater filler-filler interaction, i.e. the greater the amount of this element, the greater the Payne effect. In the study of the variation in oil and liquid rubber, it was found that both the physical and rheological properties showed the same trend. The simulated values were more representative of carbon black compounds than silica compounds. Finally, by studying the variation in sulphur and accelerators, the Carbon Black compounds showed better representativeness due to the fact that a larger sample of tests was carried out. In the same way that the hydrodynamic network contributes to the Payne effect, it can be said that the polymeric network impacts G' 1 and 100% to the same extent.
This work was carried out at Continental Mabor, as part of the Dissertation/Internship course of the Master's degree in Chemical Engineering at the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. The main objective of this project was to build a computer tool (Excel) that would allow the impact on the physical and rheological properties of rubber compounds due to variations in the amount of certain raw materials to be quantified and simulated. To this end, tests were carried out on different compounds - carbon black and silica - and variables related to the composition of the rubber compounds were selected - carbon black, oil, liquid rubber, sulphur and accelerators. These tests consisted of altering the compound recipe, which, when transformed into a specification, allows the test to be scheduled. The tests are carried out on an industrial scale, with monitoring, where around 1000 kg of compound are produced and four samples are taken and analyzed by Continental Mabor's laboratory. Subsequently, the results obtained were processed by relating the properties of the different tests. In the study carried out for the variation in carbon black, it was concluded that, for the compounds designated as Carbon Black, the changes tested may not have been sufficient to dilute the impact of other variables, such as human intervention, the variation in weighing and the impacts inherent in the use of the equipment. For this reason, the simulated values were not considered representative, unlike the values obtained by the simulator for silica compounds. With regard to the storage modulus, it was possible to verify that for low deformations there is a greater filler-filler interaction, i.e. the greater the amount of this element, the greater the Payne effect. In the study of the variation in oil and liquid rubber, it was found that both the physical and rheological properties showed the same trend. The simulated values were more representative of carbon black compounds than silica compounds. Finally, by studying the variation in sulphur and accelerators, the Carbon Black compounds showed better representativeness due to the fact that a larger sample of tests was carried out. In the same way that the hydrodynamic network contributes to the Payne effect, it can be said that the polymeric network impacts G' 1 and 100% to the same extent.
Description
Keywords
Simulation Rubber Processing Analyzer (RPA) Carbon black Silica Accelerators Payne effect Simulação Analisador de processamento de borracha (RPB) Negro de fumo Sílica Aceleradores Efeito de Payne