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Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida numa parceria entre o Centro de Inovação em Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial (CIETI) e a Faculdade de Engenharia do Porto (FEUP). Esta unidade curricular é designada por Dissertação/ Estágio, está inserida no 2º ano curricular do Mestrado de Engenharia Química, no ramo de Energia e Biorrefinaria. A dissertação consistiu em estudar a funcionalização do couro com vista ao desenvolvimento de compósitos couro-borracha, com aplicação na indústria do calçado. A produção destes compósitos pretende valorizar os resíduos, que resultam da indústria do calçado, e diminuir a quantidade dos mesmos que são enviados para aterros sanitários. O problema é que o couro não se liga quimicamente à borracha. Assim, funcionalizou-se o couro utilizando diferentes silanos (bis – (triethoxysilypropyl) tetrasulfide e viniltrietoxilano) e compostos naturais (taninos mimosa e castanheiro), de modo a que fosse possível estabelecer a ligação entre os dois materiais e desta forma melhorar as propriedades mecânicas. Após ensaios preliminares optou-se por funcionalizar o couro utilizando o silano bis – (triethoxysilypropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT). Nos compósitos desenvolvidos incorporou-se 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 phr (unidade utilizada na indústria da borracha, que significa partes de carga por 100 g de borracha) de resíduos de couro curtido ao crómio. Neste trabalho experimental verificou-se que quando se incorpora couro como não há ligação química entres os materiais e a matriz não envolve as fibras, fragilizando o compósito, que apresenta propriedades mecânicas inferiores à SBR. Contudo quando o couro é funcionalizado com TESPT há ligação por parte das fibras de couro à matriz melhorando as propriedades dos compósitos.
This dissertation was developed in a partnership between the Center for Innovation in Industrial Engineering and Technology (CIETI) and the Faculty of Engineering of Porto (FEUP). This curricular unit is called Dissertation/Internship and is inserted in the 2nd year of the Master in Chemical Engineering, in the branch of Energy and Biorefinery. The dissertation consisted in studying the leather functionalization in order to develop leather-rubber composites, with application in the footwear industry. The production of these composites intends to valorize the residues, which result from the footwear industry, and to reduce the amount of them that are sent to landfills. The problem is that leather does not bond chemically with rubber. Thus, the leather was functionalized using different silanes (bis - (triethoxysilypropyl) tetrasulfide and vinyltriethoxylane) and natural compounds (mimosa and chestnut tannins), in order to bridge the gap between the two materials and improve the mechanical properties.After preliminary tests it was decided to functionalize the leather using the bis - (triethoxysilypropyl) tetrasulfide silane (TESPT). The composites developed incorporated 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 phr (unit used in the rubber industry, which means parts of filler per 100 g of rubber) of waste leather tanned with chromium. In this experimental work it was found that for all the tests performed the SBR rubber is the one that presents the best properties, when leather is incorporated as there is no chemical bond between the materials and the matrix does not involve the fibers weakening the composite. However, when the leather is functionalized to an adhesion by the leather fibers to the matrix improving the properties of composites.
This dissertation was developed in a partnership between the Center for Innovation in Industrial Engineering and Technology (CIETI) and the Faculty of Engineering of Porto (FEUP). This curricular unit is called Dissertation/Internship and is inserted in the 2nd year of the Master in Chemical Engineering, in the branch of Energy and Biorefinery. The dissertation consisted in studying the leather functionalization in order to develop leather-rubber composites, with application in the footwear industry. The production of these composites intends to valorize the residues, which result from the footwear industry, and to reduce the amount of them that are sent to landfills. The problem is that leather does not bond chemically with rubber. Thus, the leather was functionalized using different silanes (bis - (triethoxysilypropyl) tetrasulfide and vinyltriethoxylane) and natural compounds (mimosa and chestnut tannins), in order to bridge the gap between the two materials and improve the mechanical properties.After preliminary tests it was decided to functionalize the leather using the bis - (triethoxysilypropyl) tetrasulfide silane (TESPT). The composites developed incorporated 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 phr (unit used in the rubber industry, which means parts of filler per 100 g of rubber) of waste leather tanned with chromium. In this experimental work it was found that for all the tests performed the SBR rubber is the one that presents the best properties, when leather is incorporated as there is no chemical bond between the materials and the matrix does not involve the fibers weakening the composite. However, when the leather is functionalized to an adhesion by the leather fibers to the matrix improving the properties of composites.
Description
Keywords
Resíduos de couro Compósitos couro – borracha Silanos Leather residues Leather-rubber composites Silanes