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Abstract(s)
Atualmente a escassez de recursos naturais é de tal forma evidente que as empresas e organizações mundiais têm sofrido grande pressão no sentido de controlar o impacto das suas operações, em prol do meio ambiente e da satisfação do consumidor. A atividade industrial gera grandes quantidades de resíduos com consequências nefastas para o meio ambiente pelo que o seu reaproveitamento surge naturalmente como uma solução sustentável e económica. Este estudo focou-se na incorporação de resíduos de origem natural no fabrico de solas de borracha. Para tal foram estudadas e comparadas duas solas, uma de borracha estireno butadieno (SBR) e uma de borracha SBR com a incorporação de 40% de casca de arroz. Avaliou-se o ciclo de vida de ambas as solas, em função dos seguintes parâmetros: emissão de gases com efeito de estufa (GEE) na produção das matérias-primas, emissão de GEE na produção das placas de borracha, pegada hídrica, emissão de GEE na combustão / biodegradação no fim de vida das solas e reciclagem. Durante o processo de produção das matérias-primas ocorre libertação de GEE. Neste processo os monómeros estireno e butadieno são considerados os mais relevantes, concluindose que a sola com casca de arroz emite menos GEE. A emissão de GEE na produção das duas solas é igual, estimando-se a emissão de 0,97 ton CO2 eq/ton de borracha, consequência do consumo de energia elétrica e de gás natural. Relativamente à pegada hídrica, a produção das solas necessita da mesma quantidade de água. Na análise do fim de vida das solas considerou-se que um dos destinos seria a incineração. A sola com casca de arroz emite 1,36 ton CO2 eq/ton, menos 40% de GEE. Optando pela biodegradação, a sola com casca de arroz apresenta uma perda de massa de 5,5%, superior ao da sola de borracha SBR (3,44%). Os resultados observados nestes parâmetros e o reaproveitamento de resíduos aparentemente inúteis, demonstra que a incorporação da casca de arroz na sola de borracha é uma alternativa sustentável e uma estratégia a seguir na unidade industrial.
The lack of natural resources is, nowadays, so evident that worldwide companies and organizations are facing increasing pressure by consumers to reduce the negative impact of their operations in the environment. The reuse of waste produced by industrial activity appears as a sustainable and economical solution to lower that undesirable effect. This study concentrated on the incorporation of natural origin waste in the manufacture of rubber soles. For this purpose, two soles were studied and compared, one made of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and one made of SBR rubber with 40% of rice husks. The life cycle of both soles was evaluated, according to the following parameters: emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the production of raw materials, emission of GHG in the production of rubber plates, water footprint, emission of GHG in combustion / biodegradation at the end of life of the soles and recycling. During the production process of the raw materials, GHG is released. In this process, the monomers styrene and butadiene are considered the most relevant, concluding that sole with rice husk emits less GHG. The emission of GHG in the production of the two soles is the same, with an estimated emission of 0.97 ton CO2 eq/ton of rubber, a consequence of the consumption of electricity and natural gas. Regarding the water footprint, the production of soles requires the same amount of water. Incineration was considered one of the destinations of the end of life of soles. The rice husk sole emits 1.36 ton CO2 eq/ton, less 40% GHG. Choosing biodegradation, the sole with rice husk has a mass loss of 5.5%, higher than that of the SBR rubber sole (3.44%). The results observed in these parameters and the reuse of apparently useless residues shows that the incorporation of rice husk in the rubber sole is a sustainable alternative and a strategy to be followed in industrial unit.
The lack of natural resources is, nowadays, so evident that worldwide companies and organizations are facing increasing pressure by consumers to reduce the negative impact of their operations in the environment. The reuse of waste produced by industrial activity appears as a sustainable and economical solution to lower that undesirable effect. This study concentrated on the incorporation of natural origin waste in the manufacture of rubber soles. For this purpose, two soles were studied and compared, one made of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and one made of SBR rubber with 40% of rice husks. The life cycle of both soles was evaluated, according to the following parameters: emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the production of raw materials, emission of GHG in the production of rubber plates, water footprint, emission of GHG in combustion / biodegradation at the end of life of the soles and recycling. During the production process of the raw materials, GHG is released. In this process, the monomers styrene and butadiene are considered the most relevant, concluding that sole with rice husk emits less GHG. The emission of GHG in the production of the two soles is the same, with an estimated emission of 0.97 ton CO2 eq/ton of rubber, a consequence of the consumption of electricity and natural gas. Regarding the water footprint, the production of soles requires the same amount of water. Incineration was considered one of the destinations of the end of life of soles. The rice husk sole emits 1.36 ton CO2 eq/ton, less 40% GHG. Choosing biodegradation, the sole with rice husk has a mass loss of 5.5%, higher than that of the SBR rubber sole (3.44%). The results observed in these parameters and the reuse of apparently useless residues shows that the incorporation of rice husk in the rubber sole is a sustainable alternative and a strategy to be followed in industrial unit.
Description
Keywords
Desenvolvimento Sustentável Sustentabilidade ACV SBR Casca de Arroz Sustainable Development Sustainability LCA Rice Husk