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Publication
Análise de diferentes estratégias de evacuação do Hotel Porto Royal Bridges usando simulação
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13.4 MB | Adobe PDF |
Abstract(s)
A eficiência e eficácia da evacuação de um local em caso de emergência é um fator importante a ter em conta relativamente à segurança dos ocupantes de um edifício. Na eventualidade de existir a necessidade de evacuar um local devido a algum tipo de ameaça, é necessário possuir um plano de evacuação capaz de assegurar que todos os ocupantes são removidos da zona de perigo de forma segura e rápida. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é a análise do plano de evacuação do Hotel Porto Royal Bridges, localizado no centro do Porto, através do apoio de simulação com recurso ao software, Pathfinder. Assim sendo, foi criado e validado um modelo computacional da estrutura do edifício em questão, de forma a possibilitar a simulação e análise do impacto de diversos fatores na eficiência e eficácia de uma evacuação, durante uma situação de emergência. Desta forma, foram analisadas 6 estratégias diferentes, variando o número de saídas disponíveis, meios de acesso aos pisos inferiores e respostas comportamentais dos ocupantes do hotel. A partir da análise dos resultados obtidos, avaliando a evacuação de 153 ocupantes a mover-se a 1,4 m/s, foi possível concluir que a opção com o tempo de evacuação inferior foi da estratégia 4, na alternativa em que todas as saídas estão disponíveis, a
utilização de elevadores é permitida e o comportamento individual de cada ocupante é definido de acordo com a sua posição original e com o plano de evacuação desse piso, tendo sido obtido um valor final de 114,0 segundos.
Concluiu-se, de um modo geral, que o fator que tem maior influência no resultado final de cada simulação, é a orientação dos ocupantes, e que após a sua configuração, a mitigação do impacto da criação de pontos de congestionamento é notória. O facto da estratégia 4 ser a opção com o melhor resultado justifica também a importância de estarem disponíveis todas as saídas do edifício, o que aumenta as opções de rotas para os ocupantes, aumentando a dispersão dos mesmos e diminui a criação de pontos de estrangulamento.
A building’s evacuation efficiency and effectiveness in an emergency situation is an important factor to consider in relation to the building’s occupants safety. In a situation where is necessary to evacuate a location due to some type of threat, it is necessary to have an evacuation plan in place to ensure that all occupants are removed from the danger zone safely and quickly. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyse the evacuation plan for the Porto Royal Bridges Hotel, located in the centre of Porto, with the support of simulation using Pathfinder software. To this end, a computational model of the building structure in question was created and validated in order to enable the simulation and analysis of the impact of various elements on the efficiency and effectiveness of an evacuation during an emergency situation. Six different strategies were analysed, varying the number of available exits, the means of access to the lower floors and the behavioural responses of the hotel occupants. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, when simulating the evacuation of 153 occupants, moving at 1.4 m/s, it was possible to conclude that the option with the shortest evacuation time was strategy number 4, in the option where all exits are available, the use of lifts is permitted, and the individual behaviour of each occupant is defined according to their original position and the evacuation plan for that floor, with a final value of 114.0 seconds. In general, it was concluded that the element that has the greatest influence on the final result of each simulation is the orientation of the occupants, and that after being configurated, the impact’s mitigation of bottlenecks is very noticeable. The fact that strategy number 4 is the option with the best result also justifies the importance of having all exits from the building available, which increases the route options for occupants, increasing their dispersion and reducing the creation of bottlenecks.
A building’s evacuation efficiency and effectiveness in an emergency situation is an important factor to consider in relation to the building’s occupants safety. In a situation where is necessary to evacuate a location due to some type of threat, it is necessary to have an evacuation plan in place to ensure that all occupants are removed from the danger zone safely and quickly. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyse the evacuation plan for the Porto Royal Bridges Hotel, located in the centre of Porto, with the support of simulation using Pathfinder software. To this end, a computational model of the building structure in question was created and validated in order to enable the simulation and analysis of the impact of various elements on the efficiency and effectiveness of an evacuation during an emergency situation. Six different strategies were analysed, varying the number of available exits, the means of access to the lower floors and the behavioural responses of the hotel occupants. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, when simulating the evacuation of 153 occupants, moving at 1.4 m/s, it was possible to conclude that the option with the shortest evacuation time was strategy number 4, in the option where all exits are available, the use of lifts is permitted, and the individual behaviour of each occupant is defined according to their original position and the evacuation plan for that floor, with a final value of 114.0 seconds. In general, it was concluded that the element that has the greatest influence on the final result of each simulation is the orientation of the occupants, and that after being configurated, the impact’s mitigation of bottlenecks is very noticeable. The fact that strategy number 4 is the option with the best result also justifies the importance of having all exits from the building available, which increases the route options for occupants, increasing their dispersion and reducing the creation of bottlenecks.
Description
Keywords
Evacuation Plan Emergency Situation Pathfinder Software Computational Model Evacuation Evacuation Time Bottlenecks Ocuppant Orientation Simulação Software Pathfinder Modelo computacional Evacuação Tempo de evacuação Ocupantes Congestionamento Orientação
Pedagogical Context
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CC License
Without CC licence