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Abstract(s)
Os sistemas de fecho são utilizados para limitar o acesso entre duas divisões, com o objetivo de salvaguardar bens ou impedir a entrada de pessoas. Apesar de se basearem em conceitos simples, as fechaduras são normalmente atuadas de forma mecânica, através de uma diversidade de componentes que transmitem o movimento entre si, apresentando requisitos diferentes para assegurar a relação entre custo, segurança, qualidade e aspeto. Podem apresentar variados níveis de complexidade, abrangendo diversas funcionalidades e níveis de segurança normalizados, sendo atribuída uma classificação a cada sistema de fecho, de acordo com as normas em vigor. Foram abordados alguns dos sistemas de fecho que detêm maior impacto na atualidade, estudando os seus componentes bem como os respetivos materiais, processos de fabrico e montagem. Foram, também, estudados vários tipos de automatização, bem como os benefícios obtidos por empresas de outros setores, com o objetivo de criar uma solução automatizada compatível com várias gamas de produtos. Foi selecionado um produto cujo a empresa detetou como dispendioso e sobredimensionado para o mercado atual e que apresenta algumas desvantagens na sua utilização, com o objetivo de realizar a alteração do seu projeto. Para simplificar e melhorar o produto existente, foram realizadas várias tentativas de re-desenho, bem como os respetivos protótipos para validar os conceitos. Após aprovada a solução final, foram realizados planos de produção e montagem, de modo a calcular-se os custos associados ao novo projeto. Estes custos foram baseados em montagens manuais e sem otimização, obtendo valores por excesso, que podem ser melhorados com a implementação dos sistemas de automatização robotizada e gabaritos desenvolvidos. Com a implementação deste novo projeto foram estimadas reduções de 70% nos tempos de montagem, 50% da taxa de ocupação da produção e 73% no custo total do produto. De modo a melhorar estes resultados, foram também criadas soluções de automatização que podem ser utilizadas noutros produtos, com tempos de preparação reduzidos. Foi também possível solucionar os problemas detetados e demonstrados durante a descrição da fechadura selecionada, criando um sistema inovador e diferente dos existentes no mercado. Este sistema torna-se também de mais fácil aplicação, aumentando o interesse por parte do aplicador. A empresa de acolhimento manifestou um grande interesse pelo sistema de fecho desenvolvido, tendo iniciado a fase de pedido de patente.
Locking systems are used to limit access between two rooms, with the aim of safeguarding goods or preventing entry. Despite being based on simple concepts, locks are normally actuated mechanically, through a variety of components that transmit movement among themselves, presenting different requirements to ensure the relationship between cost, safety, quality and appearance. They can present varying levels of complexity, covering different functionalities and standardized security levels, with a classification being assigned to each locking system, in accordance with the regulations in force. Some of the locking systems that have the greatest impact today were discussed, studying their components as well as their materials, manufacturing and assembly processes. Various types of automation were also studied, as well as the benefits obtained by companies from other sectors, with the aim of creating an automated solution compatible with various product ranges. The company has selected a product which was detected as expensive and oversized for the current market and which has some disadvantages in its use, with the aim of altering its project. To simplify and improve the existing product, several re-design attempts were made, as well as the respective prototypes to validate the concepts. After the solution was approved, production and assembly plans were made to calculate the costs associated with the new project. These costs were calculated based on manual assemblies and without optimization, obtaining values in excess, which can be improved with the robotized automation systems and templates developed in this work. With the implementation of this new project, were estimated, reductions of 70% in assembly times, 50% in the production occupancy rate and 73% in the total cost of the product. To improve these results, automation solutions were also created and can be used in other products, with reduced preparation times. It was also possible to solve the problems detected and demonstrated during the description of the selected lock, creating an innovative system that is different from those on the market. This system also becomes easier to apply, increasing the interest on the part of the applicator. It is considered that the project is of great interest to the company, being at the patent application stage.
Locking systems are used to limit access between two rooms, with the aim of safeguarding goods or preventing entry. Despite being based on simple concepts, locks are normally actuated mechanically, through a variety of components that transmit movement among themselves, presenting different requirements to ensure the relationship between cost, safety, quality and appearance. They can present varying levels of complexity, covering different functionalities and standardized security levels, with a classification being assigned to each locking system, in accordance with the regulations in force. Some of the locking systems that have the greatest impact today were discussed, studying their components as well as their materials, manufacturing and assembly processes. Various types of automation were also studied, as well as the benefits obtained by companies from other sectors, with the aim of creating an automated solution compatible with various product ranges. The company has selected a product which was detected as expensive and oversized for the current market and which has some disadvantages in its use, with the aim of altering its project. To simplify and improve the existing product, several re-design attempts were made, as well as the respective prototypes to validate the concepts. After the solution was approved, production and assembly plans were made to calculate the costs associated with the new project. These costs were calculated based on manual assemblies and without optimization, obtaining values in excess, which can be improved with the robotized automation systems and templates developed in this work. With the implementation of this new project, were estimated, reductions of 70% in assembly times, 50% in the production occupancy rate and 73% in the total cost of the product. To improve these results, automation solutions were also created and can be used in other products, with reduced preparation times. It was also possible to solve the problems detected and demonstrated during the description of the selected lock, creating an innovative system that is different from those on the market. This system also becomes easier to apply, increasing the interest on the part of the applicator. It is considered that the project is of great interest to the company, being at the patent application stage.
Description
Keywords
Fechaduras Automatização Robótica Processos Gabaritos Projeto Materiais Locks Automation Robotics Processes Templates Project Materials