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Comparação energética, ambiental e económica de diferentes sistemas de produção de água quente sanitária aplicado a um caso de estudo
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| 4.79 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A produção de água quente sanitária (AQS) representa uma fração muito significativa do
consumo energético em edifícios, especialmente em contextos de elevada exigência como
unidades hospitalares. A crescente preocupação com a eficiência energética e a
sustentabilidade ambiental tem impulsionado a procura por soluções tecnológicas mais
eficientes, que permitam reduzir os consumos de energia e as emissões de CO2 associadas. Esta
dissertação analisa comparativamente diferentes sistemas de produção de AQS, com base num
caso de estudo real, avaliando o desempenho energético, económico e ambiental de várias
tecnologias com recurso a bombas de calor, utilizando distintos fluidos frigorigéneos (R-744, R-
290, R-407C e R-134a), face a uma solução convencional com caldeira a gás natural. A
metodologia adotada integra perfis de consumo realistas, dados climáticos ajustados ao
município e tabelas de desempenho dos equipamentos, com base num horizonte de exploração
de 15 anos. Os resultados evidenciam o impacto das condições exteriores no COP dos sistemas,
a relevância da acumulação térmica para a regulação da carga e a importância da escolha do
fluido frigorigéneo na eficiência e impacto ambiental. Conclui-se que a adoção de bombas de
calor pode representar reduções na ordem dos 82% ao nível dos custos de exploração, podendo
atingir uma redução de até 94% no que diz respeito a emissões de CO2.
The production of domestic hot water (DHW) represents a very significant fraction of energy consumption in buildings, especially in highly demanding contexts such as hospitals. The growing concern for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability has fuelled the search for more efficient technological solutions to reduce energy consumption and associated CO2 emissions. This dissertation analyses different DHW production systems comparatively, based on a real case study, assessing the energy, economic and environmental performance of various heat pump technologies, using different refrigerants (R-744, R-290, R-407C and R-134a), compared to a conventional solution with a natural gas boiler. The methodology adopted integrates realistic consumption profiles, climate data adjusted to the municipality and equipment performance tables, based on a 15-year operating horizon. The results show the impact of external conditions on the COP of the systems, the importance of thermal accumulation in regulating the load and the importance of the choice of refrigerant in terms of efficiency and environmental impact. It is concluded that the adoption of heat pumps can represent reductions of around 82% in operating costs and can achieve a reduction of up to 94% in CO2 emissions.
The production of domestic hot water (DHW) represents a very significant fraction of energy consumption in buildings, especially in highly demanding contexts such as hospitals. The growing concern for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability has fuelled the search for more efficient technological solutions to reduce energy consumption and associated CO2 emissions. This dissertation analyses different DHW production systems comparatively, based on a real case study, assessing the energy, economic and environmental performance of various heat pump technologies, using different refrigerants (R-744, R-290, R-407C and R-134a), compared to a conventional solution with a natural gas boiler. The methodology adopted integrates realistic consumption profiles, climate data adjusted to the municipality and equipment performance tables, based on a 15-year operating horizon. The results show the impact of external conditions on the COP of the systems, the importance of thermal accumulation in regulating the load and the importance of the choice of refrigerant in terms of efficiency and environmental impact. It is concluded that the adoption of heat pumps can represent reductions of around 82% in operating costs and can achieve a reduction of up to 94% in CO2 emissions.
Description
Keywords
Domestic hot water Hospital Consumption profiles Heat pump Energy consumption DHW preparation Água quente sanitária Perfis de consumo Bomba de calor Consumos energéticos Preparação de AQS