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Abstract(s)
O crescente aumento da produção distribuída nos sistemas elétricos de energia, tem levado as concessionárias da rede elétrica a investir em meios de transformação de energia mais expeditos. O uso de Subestações Móveis (SMs) representa aqui um papel fundamental pela sua versatilidade e modo de funcionamento, seja para socorrer situações de falha de equipamentos na rede, seja como alternativa às subestações fixas convencionais ou mesmo para suprir necessidades pontuais de elevado consumo de energia. O sistema de comando e controlo no qual se inclui a alimentação de todo o sistema de proteção assume aqui um papel fundamental. Com base nessa importância, torna-se imperativo a conceção e otimização deste sistema (por exemplo, pelo uso de novas fontes de alimentação), permitindo superar as necessidades de funcionamento de todo o sistema elétrico de uma subestação e do seu sistema SCADA. Neste sentido, a inclusão de fontes de alimentação alternativas e independentes são cruciais para um maior dinamismo, controlo, segurança, garantia de disponibilidade e fiabilidade de uma SM. Neste contexto, esta dissertação promove um estudo aprofundado dos sistemas de comando e controlo de SMs, focando-se na conceção, desenvolvimento e otimização dos serviços auxiliares através da utilização de fontes de alimentação com base em energia renovável. Assim, este estudo compreende a conceção e otimização detalhada do projeto elétrico de comando e controlo de uma SM. Complementarmente ao estudo técnico, esta dissertação oferece um estudo de validação económica do potencial impacto das fontes de energia renovável nas SMs. O estudo de caso considera a implementação de dois módulos de energia renovável, um sistema fotovoltaico e um sistema eólico, que permitem suprir as necessidades de alimentação de todos os equipamentos elétricos da SM, incluindo os próprios IEDs e sistema SCADA. Vários cenários de exploração que permitem aferir quais os que apresentam maior valia e melhor tempo de retorno de investimento são considerados, tendo em conta o tipo de funcionamento da SM e a sua importância em garantir a fiabilidade do sistema elétrico. Estes cenários contemplam a operação contínua da SM, intermitente e a modalidade de aluguer. A sua utilização pode ser feita tendo por base a utilização independente ou conjunta de unidades FER para autoconsumo ou conectados à rede. Por comparação com as unidades renováveis é apresentado um cenário comum gerador a diesel para autoconsumo. De realçar que apesar do investimento inicial elevado numa SM, este é um investimento rentável, para utilizações mínimas de pelo menos 3 meses por ano. O investimento em módulos FER torna-se fundamental do ponto de vista de aumentar os níveis de autossuficiência de alimentação dos serviços auxiliares, contribuindo para uma maior fiabilidade da SM.
The growing increase of distributed production in electric power systems has made the electric utility companies to invest in more expeditious means of energy transformation. The use of mobile substations (SMs) represents a fundamental role for its versatility and mode of operation, whether to help situations of equipment failure/outages in the network, either as an alternative to conventional fixed substations or even to meet specific needs for high energy consumption. The command and control system, which includes the supply of the entire protection system, plays a crucial role here. Based on this importance, it is imperative to design and optimize this system (for example, by using new power sources), allowing to overcome the need to operate the entire electrical system of a substation and its SCADA system. In this way, the inclusion of alternative and independent power sources is crucial for greater dynamism, control, safety, guarantee of availability and reliability of a mobile substation. This dissertation promotes an in-depth study of SMs command and control systems, focusing on the design, development and optimization of auxiliary services through the use of renewable energy-based power supplies. Thus, this study comprises the detailed design and optimization of the electric control and control design of an SM. In addition to the technical study, this dissertation offers a study of economic validation of the potential impact of renewable energy sources on SMs. The case study considers the implementation of two renewable energy modules, a PV system and a Wind system, which make it possible to supply the power needs of all SM electrical equipment, including the IEds themselves and the SCADA system. The technical-economic study presents several operating scenarios assessing which have the highest value, best return and payback time, taking into account the type of operation of the SM and its importance in ensuring the reliability of the electrical system. These scenarios include the continuous operation of SM, intermittent and renting modes. Independent and joint use of RES units in the SM for self-consumption or connected to the grid are considered. The diesel generator for self-consumption is also presented in comparison with the renewable units. It should be noted that despite the high initial investment in an SM, this is a profitable investment, for minimum uses of at least 3 months per year. The investment in RES modules is fundamental from the point of view of improving self-sufficiency levels, contributing to the better reliability of SM.
The growing increase of distributed production in electric power systems has made the electric utility companies to invest in more expeditious means of energy transformation. The use of mobile substations (SMs) represents a fundamental role for its versatility and mode of operation, whether to help situations of equipment failure/outages in the network, either as an alternative to conventional fixed substations or even to meet specific needs for high energy consumption. The command and control system, which includes the supply of the entire protection system, plays a crucial role here. Based on this importance, it is imperative to design and optimize this system (for example, by using new power sources), allowing to overcome the need to operate the entire electrical system of a substation and its SCADA system. In this way, the inclusion of alternative and independent power sources is crucial for greater dynamism, control, safety, guarantee of availability and reliability of a mobile substation. This dissertation promotes an in-depth study of SMs command and control systems, focusing on the design, development and optimization of auxiliary services through the use of renewable energy-based power supplies. Thus, this study comprises the detailed design and optimization of the electric control and control design of an SM. In addition to the technical study, this dissertation offers a study of economic validation of the potential impact of renewable energy sources on SMs. The case study considers the implementation of two renewable energy modules, a PV system and a Wind system, which make it possible to supply the power needs of all SM electrical equipment, including the IEds themselves and the SCADA system. The technical-economic study presents several operating scenarios assessing which have the highest value, best return and payback time, taking into account the type of operation of the SM and its importance in ensuring the reliability of the electrical system. These scenarios include the continuous operation of SM, intermittent and renting modes. Independent and joint use of RES units in the SM for self-consumption or connected to the grid are considered. The diesel generator for self-consumption is also presented in comparison with the renewable units. It should be noted that despite the high initial investment in an SM, this is a profitable investment, for minimum uses of at least 3 months per year. The investment in RES modules is fundamental from the point of view of improving self-sufficiency levels, contributing to the better reliability of SM.
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Keywords
Subestação Móvel Comando e Controlo Circuitos Auxiliares Sistemas Renováveis Mobile Substation Command and Control Auxiliary Circuits PV Systems Wind System