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Abstract(s)
A exploração de recursos minerais nos processos de extração e transformação gera grandes quantidades de resíduos de variadas naturezas, inertes ou não inertes, e que podem ser ou não perigosos. Esses resíduos geridos de forma inadequada poderão constituir um risco elevado para o ambiente, segurança e saúde das populações, pelo que carecem de soluções de armazenamento temporário e definitivo, adequadas à tipologia dos mesmos e às condições ambientais, geológicas, hidrogeológicas, sísmicas e geotécnicas locais, visando a prevenção dos impactes ambientais e garantindo a sua estabilidade e a segurança de pessoas e bens, durante o período de operação e também após encerramento da atividade. À luz das boas práticas de desenvolvimento sustentável e considerando a escassez de matérias-primas, tanto organizações como as Nações Unidas como a Comissão Europeia incutem cada vez mais a redução, reutilização e reciclagem de materiais e promoção de economia circular. Com a crescente dependência de recursos minerais da sociedade, o valor comercial dessas mesmas matérias-primas aumenta. Essa valorização, aliada ao desenvolvimento tecnológico na área da mineração, viabiliza a exploração de massas minerais com menor teor de corte, cuja exploração gera proporcionalmente mais resíduos mineiros, tornando a sua gestão e a sua valorização de importância capital, numa perspetiva de desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesta dissertação faz-se o enquadramento desta problemática à luz do regime jurídico a que está sujeita a gestão de resíduos das explorações de depósitos minerais e de massas minerais em Portugal, utilizando como caso de estudo as políticas de reutilização na gestão de resíduos mineiros nas Minas Neves-Corvo, tendo em foco a aplicação do escombro como substituto à importação de material de pedreira ou mancha de empréstimo.
The exploitation of mineral resources in the extraction and processing processes generates large quantities of waste of various natures, inert or non-inert, and which may or may not be hazardous. These inadequately managed wastes may pose a high risk to the environment and to the health and safety of the population, which is why they require temporary and permanent storage solutions that are appropriate to their type and to the local environmental, geological, hydrogeological, seismic and geotechnical conditions, with a view to preventing environmental impacts and ensuring their stability and the safety of people and property, during the period of operation and also after closure of the activity. In the light of good sustainable development practices and considering the scarcity of raw materials, both organizations such as the United Nations and the European Commission are increasingly urging the reduction, reuse and recycling of materials and the promotion of circular economy. With society's increasing dependence on mineral resources, the commercial value of these same raw materials increases. This valorization together with the technological development in the mining area enable the exploitation of mineral masses with lower cut-off grade, whose exploitation generates proportionally more mining waste, making the management of mining waste and its valorization of capital importance in a sustainable development perspective. In this dissertation this problem is framed in the light of the legal regime to which the management of waste from the exploitation of mineral deposits and mineral masses in Portugal is subject, using as a case study the policies of reuse in the management of mining waste at Neves-Corvo Mine, focusing on the application of waste rock as a substitute for the import of quarry or borrowed material.
The exploitation of mineral resources in the extraction and processing processes generates large quantities of waste of various natures, inert or non-inert, and which may or may not be hazardous. These inadequately managed wastes may pose a high risk to the environment and to the health and safety of the population, which is why they require temporary and permanent storage solutions that are appropriate to their type and to the local environmental, geological, hydrogeological, seismic and geotechnical conditions, with a view to preventing environmental impacts and ensuring their stability and the safety of people and property, during the period of operation and also after closure of the activity. In the light of good sustainable development practices and considering the scarcity of raw materials, both organizations such as the United Nations and the European Commission are increasingly urging the reduction, reuse and recycling of materials and the promotion of circular economy. With society's increasing dependence on mineral resources, the commercial value of these same raw materials increases. This valorization together with the technological development in the mining area enable the exploitation of mineral masses with lower cut-off grade, whose exploitation generates proportionally more mining waste, making the management of mining waste and its valorization of capital importance in a sustainable development perspective. In this dissertation this problem is framed in the light of the legal regime to which the management of waste from the exploitation of mineral deposits and mineral masses in Portugal is subject, using as a case study the policies of reuse in the management of mining waste at Neves-Corvo Mine, focusing on the application of waste rock as a substitute for the import of quarry or borrowed material.
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Keywords
Indústria extrativa Resíduo mineiro Desenvolvimento sustentável Geotecnia ambiental Extractive industry Extractive Waste Sustainable Development Environmental Geotechnics