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Abstract(s)
O setor das rochas ornamentais e de revestimento constitui-se como fundamental para o setor da construção civil, razão pela qual se apresenta como uma das principais commodities transacionadas a nível internacional. De acordo com dados recentes, o Brasil é, atualmente, o quarto maior produtor e o quinto maior exportador mundial de rochas ornamentais e de revestimento. Considerando este contexto, há uma questão que se coloca: que fatores e vantagens competitivas apresentam as exportações brasileiras de rochas ornamentais e de revestimento?
Considerando o período de 2004 a 2015, o objetivo fundamental deste trabalho é analisar a competitividade das exportações brasileiras de rochas ornamentais e de revestimento. Pretende-se verificar se o país apresenta Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas nas exportações das sete principais rochas ornamentais e de revestimento, bem como analisar se as exportações dessas commodities estão a ser orientadas para alguns mercados consumidores e identificar as principais fontes de crescimento destas exportações para o período de 2004 a 2015. Neste trabalho adotou-se como metodologia, o cálculo e análise de três indicadores de comércio internacional: Índice de Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas (IVCR), Índice de Orientação Regional (IOR) e o modelo Constant Market Share (CMS). As bases de dados de referência para a realização do estudo foram: The United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN COMTRADE), que disponibilizam dados de exportações com frete Free on Board (FOB) e importações com Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF). Os resultados indicam que, para o período em análise, e para as categorias de rochas consideradas, existem VCR para todas elas exceto para as exportações de Mármore. No que se refere ao IOR, na análise das commodities de forma agregada, os resultados indicam que as exportações brasileiras de rochas estão direcionadas principalmente para a América do Norte, Itália e Taiwan. No que se refere às fontes de crescimento, tanto no primeiro subperíodo, 2004 a 2007, como no segundo, 2008 a 2011, o efeito Crescimento do Comércio Mundial foi o que mais contribuiu para as exportações na análise agregada, e, no terceiro subperíodo, 2012 a 2015, o efeito Destino das Exportações foi preponderante, associado ao efeito Competitividade que apresentou, pela primeira vez, um resultado positivo.
The dimension and cladding stone’s sector is fundamental for the construction industry, reason why it is one of the main commodities traded internationally. According to recent data, Brazil is currently the fourth largest producer and the fifth largest exporter of dimension and cladding stones in the world. Considering this context, there is a question that arises: what factors and competitive advantages do Brazilian dimension and cladding stones exports have? Considering the period from 2004 to 2015, the main objective of this work is to analyze the competitiveness of Brazilian exports of dimension and cladding stone. The aim is to verify if Brazil presents Revealed Comparative Advantages in the exports of the seven main dimension and cladding stones, as well as to analyze if the exports of these commodities are being oriented to some consumer markets and to identify the main sources of growth of these exports for the period 2004 to 2015. In this work, three indicators of international trade were adopted: the Revealed Comparative Advantages Index (RCA), the Regional Orientation Index (ROI) and the Constant Market Share (CMS) model. The data for the calculations were collected from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN COMTRADE), which provide export data on an Free on Board (FOB) basis and imports data on a Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) basis. The results indicate that, for the period under analysis and for the categories of stones considered, there are VCRs for all of them except for marble exports. The ROI, in the aggregate commodity analysis, indicates that Brazilian stones exports are mainly directed to North America, Italy and Taiwan. Regarding the sources of growth, both the first subperiod, 2004 to 2007, and the second, from 2008 to 2011, the general rise in World Trade Growth effect was the one that most contributed to the Brazilian stones exports considering the aggregated analysis, and in the third subperiod, from 2012 to 2015, the Destination of Exports effect was preponderant, associated to the Competitiveness effect that presented a positive result for the first time.
The dimension and cladding stone’s sector is fundamental for the construction industry, reason why it is one of the main commodities traded internationally. According to recent data, Brazil is currently the fourth largest producer and the fifth largest exporter of dimension and cladding stones in the world. Considering this context, there is a question that arises: what factors and competitive advantages do Brazilian dimension and cladding stones exports have? Considering the period from 2004 to 2015, the main objective of this work is to analyze the competitiveness of Brazilian exports of dimension and cladding stone. The aim is to verify if Brazil presents Revealed Comparative Advantages in the exports of the seven main dimension and cladding stones, as well as to analyze if the exports of these commodities are being oriented to some consumer markets and to identify the main sources of growth of these exports for the period 2004 to 2015. In this work, three indicators of international trade were adopted: the Revealed Comparative Advantages Index (RCA), the Regional Orientation Index (ROI) and the Constant Market Share (CMS) model. The data for the calculations were collected from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN COMTRADE), which provide export data on an Free on Board (FOB) basis and imports data on a Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) basis. The results indicate that, for the period under analysis and for the categories of stones considered, there are VCRs for all of them except for marble exports. The ROI, in the aggregate commodity analysis, indicates that Brazilian stones exports are mainly directed to North America, Italy and Taiwan. Regarding the sources of growth, both the first subperiod, 2004 to 2007, and the second, from 2008 to 2011, the general rise in World Trade Growth effect was the one that most contributed to the Brazilian stones exports considering the aggregated analysis, and in the third subperiod, from 2012 to 2015, the Destination of Exports effect was preponderant, associated to the Competitiveness effect that presented a positive result for the first time.
Description
Keywords
Rochas ornamentais e de revestimento Índice de vantagens comparativas reveladas; Constant market share Índice de orientação regional Dimension stone Revealed comparative advantage Regional orientation índex