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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação de mestrado foi elaborada no âmbito da unidade curricular Dissertação/Estágio do Mestrado em Engenharia Química, ramo Energia e Biorrefinaria, no Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. O estágio curricular foi desenvolvido no laboratório da Fábrica de Tintas 2000, S.A, mais especificamente no departamento de Metalomecânica. O principal objetivo do estudo centra-se no desenvolvimento de um diluente de limpeza com baixo teor de compostos orgânicos voláteis (COV), através da incorporação de água
e consequente diminuição da utilização de solventes orgânicos. Como tal, procedeu-se à verificação da miscibilidade de diferentes solventes em água, verificação da miscibilidade entre os solventes, diminuição da perigosidade do diluente desenvolvido, realização de testes comparativos entre os diluentes formulados e os utilizados atualmente pela empresa (Diluente A, Diluente B e Diluente C) e comparação dos custos associados dos diferentes diluentes desenvolvidos. Deste modo, após a realização de vários ensaios com múltiplas
formulações e, atendendo à metodologia mencionada, obtiveram-se dois diluentes Diluente T1 e o Diluente T2, de características que se enquadram com o objetivo proposto e com eficiências aprovadas. Os Diluentes T1 e T2 contêm 20 % de água na sua composição e um teor em COV, respetivamente, de 656,0 g/L e 689,5 g/L quando obtido pelo programa Chemeter e de 658,7 g/L e 693,6 g/L quando calculado. Comparando as formulações desenvolvidas com os diluentes atualmente utilizados, verificou-se que, para além da redução em COV, também foi possível eliminar a conotação de toxicidade. Por outro lado, como o custo associado aumentou fizeram-se alterações nas fórmulas, aumentando em 2 % a quantidade de água utilizada e aplicando solventes orgânicos com uma densidade inferior. Os Diluentes T1/2 e T2/2, em termos de eficiência, assemelham-se aos diluentes que lhes deram origem e apresentam um teor de COV de 640,7 g/L e 653,6 g/L quando obtido pelo programa Chemeter e de 643,5 g/L e 657,6 g/L quando calculado, respetivamente. Na procura de uma alternativa ao Primário Epoximar foi ainda possível desenvolver uma formulação de um Primário Epóxi com o objetivo de aumentar o teor em sólidos, reduzindo a libertação de COV durante a sua aplicação. O aumento do teor de sólidos em volume conseguido foi de 60,0 %.
This master's thesis was written as part of the dissertation/internship program of the master's degree in Chemical Engineering, Energy and Biorefinery, at Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. The internship was carried out in the laboratory of Fábrica de Tintas 2000, S.A, more specifically in the Metalworking department. The aim of the study is to develop a cleaning diluent with a low volatile organic compound (VOC) content, by incorporating water and consequently reducing the use of organic solvents. As such, the solubility of different solvents in water was considered, the miscibility between solvents was verified, the dangerousness of the diluent developed was reduced, comparative tests were carried out between the diluents formulated and those currently used by the company (Diluent A, Diluent B and Diluent C) and the associated costs of the different diluents developed were compared. Thus, after carrying out several tests with multiple formulations and considering the methodology mentioned above, two diluents were obtained, Diluent T1 and Diluent T2, with characteristics that fit in with the proposed objective and with approved efficiencies. Diluents T1 and T2 contain 20 % water in their composition and a VOC composition of 656.0 g/L and 689.5 g/L when obtained by the Chemeter program and 658.7 g/L and 693.6 g/L when calculated. Comparing the formulations developed with the diluents currently used, it was found that in addition to the reduction in VOCs, it was also possible to eliminate the connotation of toxicity. On the other hand, as the associated cost increased, changes were made to the formulas, increasing the amount of water used by 2 % and applying organic solvents with a lower density. In terms of efficiency, Diluents T1/2 and T2/2 are similar to the diluents that gave rise to them and have a VOC content of 640.7 g/L and 653.6 g/L when obtained by the Chemeter program and 643.5 g/L and 657.6 g/L when calculated, respectively. In the search for an alternative to Epoximar Primer, it was also possible to develop a formulation of an Epoxy Primer with the aim of increasing the solids content, reducing the release of VOCs during application. The increase achieved was 60.0 %.
This master's thesis was written as part of the dissertation/internship program of the master's degree in Chemical Engineering, Energy and Biorefinery, at Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. The internship was carried out in the laboratory of Fábrica de Tintas 2000, S.A, more specifically in the Metalworking department. The aim of the study is to develop a cleaning diluent with a low volatile organic compound (VOC) content, by incorporating water and consequently reducing the use of organic solvents. As such, the solubility of different solvents in water was considered, the miscibility between solvents was verified, the dangerousness of the diluent developed was reduced, comparative tests were carried out between the diluents formulated and those currently used by the company (Diluent A, Diluent B and Diluent C) and the associated costs of the different diluents developed were compared. Thus, after carrying out several tests with multiple formulations and considering the methodology mentioned above, two diluents were obtained, Diluent T1 and Diluent T2, with characteristics that fit in with the proposed objective and with approved efficiencies. Diluents T1 and T2 contain 20 % water in their composition and a VOC composition of 656.0 g/L and 689.5 g/L when obtained by the Chemeter program and 658.7 g/L and 693.6 g/L when calculated. Comparing the formulations developed with the diluents currently used, it was found that in addition to the reduction in VOCs, it was also possible to eliminate the connotation of toxicity. On the other hand, as the associated cost increased, changes were made to the formulas, increasing the amount of water used by 2 % and applying organic solvents with a lower density. In terms of efficiency, Diluents T1/2 and T2/2 are similar to the diluents that gave rise to them and have a VOC content of 640.7 g/L and 653.6 g/L when obtained by the Chemeter program and 643.5 g/L and 657.6 g/L when calculated, respectively. In the search for an alternative to Epoximar Primer, it was also possible to develop a formulation of an Epoxy Primer with the aim of increasing the solids content, reducing the release of VOCs during application. The increase achieved was 60.0 %.
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Keywords
Water Volatile organic compounds Diluent Solvent Solubility Primer Água Compostos orgânicos voláteis Diluente Solvente Solubilidade Primário