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Exposure to PAHs during Firefighting Activities: A Review on Skin Levels, In Vitro/In Vivo Bioavailability, and Health Risks

2022-10-04Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorSousa, Gabriel
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, Joana
dc.contributor.authorDelerue-Matos, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorSarmento, Bruno
dc.contributor.authorMorais, Simone
dc.contributor.authorWang, Xianyu
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Francisca
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Marta
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-27T13:47:25Z
dc.date.available2023-01-27T13:47:25Z
dc.date.issued2022-10-04
dc.description.abstractOccupational exposure as a firefighter is a complex activity that continuously exposes subjects to several health hazards including fire emissions during firefighting. Firefighters are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known as toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic compounds, by inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion. In this work, a literature overview of firefighters’ dermal exposure to PAHs after firefighting and data retrieved from skin in vitro/in vivo studies related to their dermal absorption, bioavailability, and associated toxicological and carcinogenic effects are reviewed. The evidence demonstrates the contamination of firefighters’ skin with PAHs, mainly on the neck (2.23–62.50 ng/cm2), wrists (0.37–8.30 ng/cm2), face (2.50–4.82 ng/cm2), and hands (1.59–4.69 ng/cm2). Concentrations of possible/probable carcinogens (0.82–33.69 ng/cm2), including benzopyrene isomers, were found on firefighters’ skin. PAHs penetrate the skin tissues, even at low concentrations, by absorption and/or diffusion, and are locally metabolized and distributed by the blood route to other tissues/organs. Lighter PAHs presented increased dermal permeabilities and absorption rates than heavier compounds. Topical PAHs activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and promote the enzymatic generation of reactive intermediates that may cause protein and/or DNA adducts. Future research should include in vitro/in vivo assays to perform a more realistic health risk assessment and to explore the contribution of dermal exposure to PAHs total internal dosept_PT
dc.description.sponsorship: This work received support by UIDB/50006/2020, UIDP/50006/2020, LA/P/0008/2020, and PCIF/SSO/0017/2018 by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior. M. Oliveira and F. Rodrigues are thankful to the scientific contracts CEECIND/03666/2017 and CEECIND/01886/2020, respectively. G. Sousa thanks the PhD grant 2021.08526.BD supported by national funds of the FCT and community European Union funding through Fundo Social Europeu and the Program Por_Norte.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph191912677pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/21948
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relationLA/P/0008/2020pt_PT
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relationFirefighting occupational exposure and early effects on the health of operational forces
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/19/12677pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectDermal exposurept_PT
dc.subjectFirefighterspt_PT
dc.subjectPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonpt_PT
dc.subjectFire combatpt_PT
dc.subjectDermal absorptionpt_PT
dc.subjectSkin diseasespt_PT
dc.titleExposure to PAHs during Firefighting Activities: A Review on Skin Levels, In Vitro/In Vivo Bioavailability, and Health Riskspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardTitleFirefighting occupational exposure and early effects on the health of operational forces
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50006%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50006%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/3599-PPCDT/PCIF%2FSSO%2F0017%2F2018/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/3599-PPCDT/PCIF%2FSSO%2F0090%2F2019/PT
oaire.citation.issue19pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage12677pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healthpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume19pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream3599-PPCDT
oaire.fundingStream3599-PPCDT
person.familyNameSousa
person.familyNameTeixeira
person.familyNameDelerue-Matos
person.familyNameMorais
person.familyNamePinto Lisboa Martins Rodrigues Sarmento
person.familyNameMarques de Oliveira
person.givenNameGabriel
person.givenNameJoana
person.givenNameCristina
person.givenNameSimone
person.givenNameFrancisca
person.givenNameMarta Madalena
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person.identifier.ciencia-idB111-BBFB-F200
person.identifier.ciencia-id4F19-3D98-2CBA
person.identifier.ciencia-id0A1C-A89D-641A
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9829-6126
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8094-5877
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6433-5801
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8803-0041
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person.identifier.ridD-4990-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6603741848
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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