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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho é realizado no domínio das obras de engenharia, área onde o desmonte de rocha
com recurso a explosivos em obras rodoviárias é uma actividade específica e consistiu no
acompanhamento e execução de três obras rodoviárias de média e grande dimensão. A
necessidade de executar escavações, recorrendo a técnicas de desmonte cuidadoso de
contorno, onde o plano de corte do talude final deve obedecer a requisitos de localização,
alinhamento, inclinação, estabilidade e também estéticos, acrescendo a isto a necessidade de
optimizar os meios envolvidos, obriga a que esta actividade seja encarada de uma forma
sistematizada, visando o racional aproveitamento de recursos. A execução desta actividade
requer conhecimentos no domínio das técnicas de desmonte de contorno, dos explosivos, do
mecanismo de rotura de rochas, da operação de perfuração e da geomecânica dos maciços. A
abordagem deste trabalho incide sobre a técnica denominada de pré‐corte e tem como
objectivo encontrar uma equação característica que permita relacionar diferentes parâmetros
envolvidos nesta actividade. Este objectivo é alcançado recorrendo à correlação entre equações
relativas à pressão de detonação, à pressão no furo e ao espaçamento entre furos consecutivos,
desenvolvidas por outros autores. Desta forma obteve‐se uma equação que relaciona
parâmetros relativos ao maciço rochoso (resistência à tracção), ao explosivo (velocidade de
detonação e densidade) e ao diagrama de fogo (concentração de carga – volume de explosivo e
comprimento do furo – volume do furo). A comparação entre os valores destes parâmetros
obtidos na produção e os obtidos com recurso à equação característica permite concluir que a
sua aplicação para execução de futuras obras possibilita uma optimização dos meios
envolvidos.
This work is conducted in the field of civil works, the area where rock blasting using explosives in road works is a specific activity. For its implementation, i have accompanied the execution of three road projects of considerable importance. The need to perform excavations, using techniques of controlled blasting, where the cutting plane of the final slope should satisfy the requirements of location, alignment, slope, stability, and also aesthetic, furthermore, the need to optimize parties concerned, requires that this activity viewed in a systematic way, aiming at the rational use of resources. To ensure proper implementation of this activity are required knowledge in the technical controlled blasting, explosives, the mechanism of rupture of rocks, the drilling operation and massif geomechanical characterization. The approach of this work focuses on a technique called pre‐splitting and aims to find a characteristic equation which permits to link the different parameters involved in this activity. To achieve this, we used the correlation between equations for the detonation pressure, pressure in the hole and the spacing between consecutive holes, developed by other authors. We obtained an equation relating parameters of rock mass (resistance traction), the explosive (detonation velocity and density) and the blast diagram (load concentration – volume explosive and length of the hole – the hole volume). The comparison between the values of these parameters obtained in the production and obtained using the characteristic equation, shows that its application to undertake future works enables an optimization of the resources involved.
This work is conducted in the field of civil works, the area where rock blasting using explosives in road works is a specific activity. For its implementation, i have accompanied the execution of three road projects of considerable importance. The need to perform excavations, using techniques of controlled blasting, where the cutting plane of the final slope should satisfy the requirements of location, alignment, slope, stability, and also aesthetic, furthermore, the need to optimize parties concerned, requires that this activity viewed in a systematic way, aiming at the rational use of resources. To ensure proper implementation of this activity are required knowledge in the technical controlled blasting, explosives, the mechanism of rupture of rocks, the drilling operation and massif geomechanical characterization. The approach of this work focuses on a technique called pre‐splitting and aims to find a characteristic equation which permits to link the different parameters involved in this activity. To achieve this, we used the correlation between equations for the detonation pressure, pressure in the hole and the spacing between consecutive holes, developed by other authors. We obtained an equation relating parameters of rock mass (resistance traction), the explosive (detonation velocity and density) and the blast diagram (load concentration – volume explosive and length of the hole – the hole volume). The comparison between the values of these parameters obtained in the production and obtained using the characteristic equation, shows that its application to undertake future works enables an optimization of the resources involved.
Description
Keywords
Pré‐corte Talude Espaçamento Carga por metro Equação característica Pre‐splitting Slope Spacing Load per meter Characteristic equation
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto