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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um processo com vista à redução de 2,4,6-tricloroanisol (TCA) até 99 % não quantificável (NQ), sem impacto na humidade intrínseca das rolhas e garantindo as propriedades físico-mecânicas das mesmas. O processo tem como princípios base a utilização de uma solução com afinidade ao composto de interesse para a extração complementada com secagem por infravermelho (IV) e uma corrente de ar quente. O trabalho apresentado decorreu em 2 fases. Inicialmente foram realizados ensaios preliminares junto de um parceiro externo; numa 2ª fase procedeu-se à instalação de um protótipo semi-industrial e foram testadas diferentes condições de operação de forma a otimizar o processo em causa. Os ensaios preliminares, nos quais foram testados dois fluxos produtivos, demonstraram a capacidade da tecnologia em estudo. O aumento da humidade relativa à entrada resultou num aumento da % NQ de TCA, tal como esperado. Nos fluxos produtivos avaliados as especificações internas foram cumpridas não se verificando impacto nas propriedades físico-mecânicas. No protótipo semi-industrial o processo demonstrou-se eficaz na remoção do TCA, contudo a % NQ obtida por controlo sensorial, 97,53 %, foi inferior ao objetivo proposto para este trabalho. Por controlo sensorial verificou-se o aumento da % NQ, sem afetar a humidade intrínseca das rolhas tal como as propriedades físico-mecânicas, o que demonstra que o processo pode ser otimizado de forma a atingir os objetivos propostos. Por controlo sniffing o resultado obtido da % NQ após “Infrared Cleaning System" (ICS), 98,07 %, foi inferior à % NQ antes de ICS, 98,70 %. Nos ensaios com o protótipo semi-industrial recolheram-se dados de variáveis do processo, como a temperatura das correntes de ar à saída, temperatura da zona superior do tambor e a temperatura de cada radiador de forma a entender como atingir os objetivos pretendidos. Não se verificou a redução de compostos fenólicos, ao contrário do que a literatura sugere. Neste âmbito, o aumento de água ajudou, não tendo sido suficiente. Supõe-se que o uso de mais água e/ou o uso de reagentes químicos que atuem na sua degradação de compostos fenólicos poderão ajudar.
The aim of this work is the developing a process to reduce 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) until 99 % of non-quantifiable, without impact of the intrinsic moisture of the stoppers and guarantee the physical-mechanical proprieties. The process has at the principles the use of a solution with great affinity the interesting compounds to extract with infrared drying with hot air. There were two stages of develop. Firstly, there were the preliminary assays with our external partner. Then, we install the semi-industrial prototype and were tested different operation conditions to improve the process. Preliminary tests, in which two production flows were tested, demonstrated the capacity of the technology under study. The increase of the moisture at the beginning results an increase of % NQ, as expected. There was no impact on the physicalmechanical properties, and regardless of the production flow studied, the internal specifications were met. The semi-industrial prototype the process effect removing TCA, however the % NQ obtained by sensory control, 97,53 %, was lesser than the aim for this work. By sensory control the % NQ increased without affecting the intrinsic moisture of the stoppers as the physical-mechanical perform, it forms a process which can be optimized to achieve the goals. By sniffing control the result obtained from the % NQ after “Infrared Cleaning System" (ICS), 98.07 %, was lower than the % NQ before ICS, 98.70 %. The semi-industrial prototype tests were quite useful for collecting process variables such as the temperature of the output streams, temperature of each upper drum zone and the temperature of each radiator zone to understand how to achieve the objectives intended. The reduction of phenolic compounds is not happened, contrary to what the literature suggests. In this context, the increase of water helped to decrease those compounds, but not enough. The use of more water and/or the use of a chemical that degrades phenolic compounds it could help.
The aim of this work is the developing a process to reduce 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) until 99 % of non-quantifiable, without impact of the intrinsic moisture of the stoppers and guarantee the physical-mechanical proprieties. The process has at the principles the use of a solution with great affinity the interesting compounds to extract with infrared drying with hot air. There were two stages of develop. Firstly, there were the preliminary assays with our external partner. Then, we install the semi-industrial prototype and were tested different operation conditions to improve the process. Preliminary tests, in which two production flows were tested, demonstrated the capacity of the technology under study. The increase of the moisture at the beginning results an increase of % NQ, as expected. There was no impact on the physicalmechanical properties, and regardless of the production flow studied, the internal specifications were met. The semi-industrial prototype the process effect removing TCA, however the % NQ obtained by sensory control, 97,53 %, was lesser than the aim for this work. By sensory control the % NQ increased without affecting the intrinsic moisture of the stoppers as the physical-mechanical perform, it forms a process which can be optimized to achieve the goals. By sniffing control the result obtained from the % NQ after “Infrared Cleaning System" (ICS), 98.07 %, was lower than the % NQ before ICS, 98.70 %. The semi-industrial prototype tests were quite useful for collecting process variables such as the temperature of the output streams, temperature of each upper drum zone and the temperature of each radiator zone to understand how to achieve the objectives intended. The reduction of phenolic compounds is not happened, contrary to what the literature suggests. In this context, the increase of water helped to decrease those compounds, but not enough. The use of more water and/or the use of a chemical that degrades phenolic compounds it could help.
Description
Keywords
Cortiça TCA Infravermelho Humidade relativa Compostos fenólicos Cork Infrared Moisture Phenolic Compounds