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O Regulamento (UE) 2023/1230, publicado em junho de 2023 e aplicável a partir de 20 de
janeiro de 2027, substitui a Diretiva 2006/42/CE e representa uma alteração profunda no
quadro jurídico europeu de segurança de máquinas, ao introduzir requisitos específicos para
software de segurança, cibersegurança, sistemas de aprendizagem autónoma e robótica
colaborativa. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar e aplicar este novo
regulamento no contexto da automação industrial, analisar de forma estruturada os seus
requisitos e traduzir em critérios concretos de conceção, integração e validação de sistemas. A
metodologia adotada articula a análise regulamentar e normativa com o desenvolvimento de
dois casos de estudo representativos de filosofias de segurança distintas: uma célula robotizada
segregada, baseada em segregação física e controlo de acessos, e uma célula robotizada
colaborativa, onde operador e robô partilham o mesmo espaço de trabalho em condições
controladas. Para cada caso são identificados os limites do sistema, os modos de operação, os
perigos, o nível de desempenho requerido das funções de segurança e a arquitetura de controlo
correspondente. Os resultados demonstram que ambas as abordagens permitem atingir
conformidade com o novo regulamento, embora com exigências técnicas e documentais
distintas. A análise comparativa evidencia que a robótica colaborativa introduz maior
complexidade na definição e validação das funções de segurança, o que exige uma integração
mais rigorosa entre sensores, lógica de comando e comportamento do robô.
European Union Regulation 2023/1230, published in June 2023 and applicable from 20 January 2027, replaces Directive 2006/42/EC and represents a fundamental shift in the European legal framework for machinery safety, introducing specific requirements for safety software, cybersecurity, autonomous learning systems and collaborative robotics. The main objective of this dissertation is to study and apply this new regulation in the context of industrial automation, systematically analysing its requirements and translating them into concrete design, integration and validation criteria for robotic systems. The methodology combines regulatory and normative analysis with the development of two case studies representing distinct safety philosophies: a segregated robotic cell, based on physical separation and access control, and a collaborative robotic cell, where operator and robot share the same workspace under controlled conditions. For each case, the system boundaries, operating modes, hazards, required performance level and corresponding safety control architecture are identified. The results demonstrate that both approaches can achieve compliance with the new regulation, albeit with different technical and documentary requirements. The comparative analysis shows that collaborative robotics introduces greater complexity in defining and validating safety functions, requiring more rigorous integration between sensors, control logic and robot behaviour.
European Union Regulation 2023/1230, published in June 2023 and applicable from 20 January 2027, replaces Directive 2006/42/EC and represents a fundamental shift in the European legal framework for machinery safety, introducing specific requirements for safety software, cybersecurity, autonomous learning systems and collaborative robotics. The main objective of this dissertation is to study and apply this new regulation in the context of industrial automation, systematically analysing its requirements and translating them into concrete design, integration and validation criteria for robotic systems. The methodology combines regulatory and normative analysis with the development of two case studies representing distinct safety philosophies: a segregated robotic cell, based on physical separation and access control, and a collaborative robotic cell, where operator and robot share the same workspace under controlled conditions. For each case, the system boundaries, operating modes, hazards, required performance level and corresponding safety control architecture are identified. The results demonstrate that both approaches can achieve compliance with the new regulation, albeit with different technical and documentary requirements. The comparative analysis shows that collaborative robotics introduces greater complexity in defining and validating safety functions, requiring more rigorous integration between sensors, control logic and robot behaviour.
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Palavras-chave
Machine safety Machinery Regulation Industrial automation Collaborative robotics Functional safety Risk assessment Segurança de máquinas Regulamento máquinas Automação industrial Robótica colaborativa Segurança funcional Avaliação de risco