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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação, feita em ambiente empresarial na RNM – Produtos químicos, S.A., teve como objetivo numa primeira fase a diminuição do número de lavagens do reator industrial e numa segunda fase a otimização de uma produção de Detergente Teste. Inicialmente recolheram-se dados sobre as matérias-primas que compunham os diferentes produtos produzidos na empresa e pela análise destes desenvolveu-se um seguimento de produções com vista a reduzir o número de lavagens do reator entre produções de diferentes produtos. Avaliando a compatibilidade das matérias-primas foi possível sugerir um seguimento de produções que permite que não sejam efetuadas lavagens entre eles ou que reduza o risco de contaminação dos produtos seguintes. A segunda fase da dissertação iniciou com a produção do novo detergente á escala laboratorial, sem problemas associados, mas com a passagem para escala industrial surgiram alguns problemas relacionados com as propriedades do fluido, principalmente a viscosidade elevada, 33400 cP a 24,1ºC. A resolução do problema passou pelo aumento da temperatura de produção de Detergente Teste, fazendo passar água a 40ºC na serpentina de aquecimento acoplada ao tanque agitado, diminuição da velocidade de agitação do reator passando de 50 rpm para 25 rpm, diminuição dos caudais de entrada das matérias-primas e prévio aquecimento até 40ºC de uma das matérias-primas utilizadas na produção, sendo ela o Tensioativo aniónico 2 de forma a reduzir a sua viscosidade, 33400 cP a 24ºC para 30660 cP. Como proposta de melhoria apresentou-se a implementação de controladores de temperatura em cascata para monitorização e estabilização da temperatura de um fluido dentro do reator. Foi possível ainda fazer o dimensionamento de um agitador do tipo âncora, mais indicado para o tipo de fluido produzido que o atual agitador, tendo-se obtido, obedecendo a um escoamento em regime laminar, uma velocidade de agitação de 53 rpm, número de potência de 1,09 e de uma potência do motor do agitador de 4854 W.
This dissertation, carried out in a business environment at RNM - Produtos Química, S.A., aimed at reducing the number of washes in the industrial reactor in a first phase and in a second phase the optimization of a production of Test Detergent. Initially, data were collected on the raw materials that made up the different products found in the company and, through the analysis of these products, a sequence of productions was carried out in order to reduce the number of reactor washes between productions of different products. Assessing the compatibility of raw materials, it was possible to suggest a sequence of production that allows no washing to be carried out between them or that reduces the risk of contamination of the products to follow. The second phase of the dissertation started with the production of the new detergent on a laboratory scale, with no associated problems, but with the transition to industrial scale, some problems related to the properties of the fluid arose, mainly the high viscosity, 33400 cP at 24,1ºC. The problem was solved by increasing the production temperature of Test Detergent, by passing water at 40ºC into the heated heating coil attached to the agitated tank, reducing the reactor stirring speed from 50 rpm to 25 rpm, decreasing the inlet flow rates of the raw materials and preheating to 40ºC one of the raw materials used in production, being the anionic surfactant 2 in order to reduce its viscosity, 33400 cP at 24,1ºC to 30660 cP. As an improvement proposal, the implementation of cascade temperature controllers for monitoring and stabilizing the temperature of a fluid inside the reactor is presented. It was also possible to design an anchor-type agitator, more suitable for the type of fluid produced than the current agitator, obtaining, following a flow in laminar regime, a rotation speed of 53 rpm, number of power 1.09 and an agitator motor power of 4854 W.
This dissertation, carried out in a business environment at RNM - Produtos Química, S.A., aimed at reducing the number of washes in the industrial reactor in a first phase and in a second phase the optimization of a production of Test Detergent. Initially, data were collected on the raw materials that made up the different products found in the company and, through the analysis of these products, a sequence of productions was carried out in order to reduce the number of reactor washes between productions of different products. Assessing the compatibility of raw materials, it was possible to suggest a sequence of production that allows no washing to be carried out between them or that reduces the risk of contamination of the products to follow. The second phase of the dissertation started with the production of the new detergent on a laboratory scale, with no associated problems, but with the transition to industrial scale, some problems related to the properties of the fluid arose, mainly the high viscosity, 33400 cP at 24,1ºC. The problem was solved by increasing the production temperature of Test Detergent, by passing water at 40ºC into the heated heating coil attached to the agitated tank, reducing the reactor stirring speed from 50 rpm to 25 rpm, decreasing the inlet flow rates of the raw materials and preheating to 40ºC one of the raw materials used in production, being the anionic surfactant 2 in order to reduce its viscosity, 33400 cP at 24,1ºC to 30660 cP. As an improvement proposal, the implementation of cascade temperature controllers for monitoring and stabilizing the temperature of a fluid inside the reactor is presented. It was also possible to design an anchor-type agitator, more suitable for the type of fluid produced than the current agitator, obtaining, following a flow in laminar regime, a rotation speed of 53 rpm, number of power 1.09 and an agitator motor power of 4854 W.
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Keywords
Processo Detergência Reator Agitador Process Detergency Reactor Agitator