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Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based ultrathin solar cells: the pathway from lab rigid to large scale flexible technology

2022Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorLopes, Tomás
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorCurado, Marco
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Bernado
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorCunha, José
dc.contributor.authorMonteiro, Margarida
dc.contributor.authorViolas, André
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa, João
dc.contributor.authorSousa, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorÇaha, Ihsan
dc.contributor.authorBorme, Jérôme
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Kevin
dc.contributor.authorRing, Johan
dc.contributor.authorChen, Wei
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Ye
dc.contributor.authorTakei, Klara
dc.contributor.authorNiemi, Esko
dc.contributor.authorFrancis, Leonard
dc.contributor.authorEdoff, Marika
dc.contributor.authorBrammertz, Guy
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Paulo
dc.contributor.authorVermang, Bart
dc.contributor.authorSalomé, Pedro
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-15T14:52:30Z
dc.date.available2023-02-15T14:52:30Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractFor the first time, the incorporation of interface passivation structures in ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) based solar cells is shown in a flexible lightweight stainless-steel substrate. The fabrication was based on an industry scalable lithography technique - nanoimprint lithography (NIL) - for a 15x15 cm2 dielectric layer patterning, needed to reduce optoelectronic losses at the rear interface. The nanopatterning schemes are usually developed by lithographic techniques or by processes with limited scalability and reproducibility (nanoparticle lift-off, spin-coating, etc). However, in this work the dielectric layer is patterned using NIL, a low cost, large area, high resolution, and high throughput technique. To assess the NIL performance, devices with a NIL nanopatterned dielectric layer are benchmarked against electron-beam lithography (EBL) patterning, using rigid substrates. Up to now, EBL is considered the most reliable technique for patterning laboratory samples. The device patterned by NIL shows similar light to power conversion efficiency average values compared to the EBL patterned device - 12.6 % vs 12.3 %, respectively - highlighting the NIL potential for application in the solar cell sector. Moreover, the impact of the lithographic processes, such as different etch by-products, in the rigid solar cells’ figures of merit were evaluated from an elemental point of view via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and electrically through a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS) fitting procedure. After an optimised NIL process, the device on stainless-steel achieved an average power conversion efficiency value of 11.7 % - a slightly lower value than the one obtained for the rigid approach, due to additional challenges raised by processing and handling steel substrates, even though scanning transmission electron microscopy did not show any clear evidence of impurity diffusion towards the absorber. Notwithstanding, time-resolved photoluminescence results strongly suggested the presence of additional non-radiative recombination mechanisms in the stainless-steel absorber, which were not detected in the rigid solar cells, and are compatible with elemental diffusion from the substrate. Nevertheless, bending tests on the stainless-steel device demonstrated the mechanical stability of the CIGS-based device up to 500 bending cycles.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was funded in part by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under Grants 2020.04564.BD, IF/00133/2015, PD/BD/142780/2018, SFRH/BD/146776/2019, UIDB/04564/2020 and UIDP/04564/2020, 2020.07073.BD, as well as through the projects NovaCell (PTDC/CTMCTM/28075/2017), CASOLEM (028917) “Correlated Analysis of Inorganic Solar Cells in and outside an Electron Microscope”, and InovSolarCells (PTDC/FISMAC/29696/2017) co-funded by FCT and the ERDF through COMPETE2020. And by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation 15 programme under the grants agreements N°. 720887 (ARCIGS-M project) and grand agreement N°.715027 (Uniting PV). The Special Research Fund (BOF) of Hasselt University is also acknowledged. P. Salomé and P. A. Fernandes would like to acknowledge FCT for the support of the project FCT UIDB/04730/2020. This work was developed within the scope of the project i3N, UIDB/50025/2020 & UIDP/50025/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC. The authors also acknowledge the support of Carlos Calaza in the fabrication for the 200 mm Si point contact stamp.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.21203/rs.3.rs-1957042/v1pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22309
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewednopt_PT
dc.publisherResearch Squarept_PT
dc.relationPTDC/CTMCTM/28075/2017pt_PT
dc.relationNovel Light Management Concepts in Ultra-thin CIGS Solar Cells
dc.relationNovel Architectures For Improved thin film Solar Sells (NAFISC)
dc.relationIndustrial relevant electrical passivation of thin films solar cell interfaces
dc.relationDevelopment of industrially viable nanotechnology for thin film solar cells
dc.relationCenter for Physics of the University of Coimbra
dc.relationCenter for Physics of the University of Coimbra
dc.relationNovel rear architecture for bifacial thin-film CIGS solar cells
dc.relationCenter for Innovation in Industrial Engineering and Technology
dc.relationInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
dc.relationInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
dc.relationAdvanced aRchitectures for ultra-thin high-efficiency CIGS solar cells with high Manufacturability
dc.relationApplying silicon solar cell technology to revolutionize the design of thin-film solar cells and enhance their efficiency, cost and stability
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1957042/v1pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.titleCu(In,Ga)Se2 based ultrathin solar cells: the pathway from lab rigid to large scale flexible technologypt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleNovel Light Management Concepts in Ultra-thin CIGS Solar Cells
oaire.awardTitleNovel Architectures For Improved thin film Solar Sells (NAFISC)
oaire.awardTitleIndustrial relevant electrical passivation of thin films solar cell interfaces
oaire.awardTitleDevelopment of industrially viable nanotechnology for thin film solar cells
oaire.awardTitleCenter for Physics of the University of Coimbra
oaire.awardTitleCenter for Physics of the University of Coimbra
oaire.awardTitleNovel rear architecture for bifacial thin-film CIGS solar cells
oaire.awardTitleCenter for Innovation in Industrial Engineering and Technology
oaire.awardTitleInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
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oaire.awardTitleAdvanced aRchitectures for ultra-thin high-efficiency CIGS solar cells with high Manufacturability
oaire.awardTitleApplying silicon solar cell technology to revolutionize the design of thin-film solar cells and enhance their efficiency, cost and stability
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