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A preservação do meio ambiente tem merecido uma atenção sem precedentes por parte da sociedade, dos governos e dos agentes económicos entre os quais a Indústria Produtiva. A maior parte dos processos produtivos industriais continua a gerar impactos negativos no meio ambiente, pelo que a gestão ambiental tem vindo a assumir uma grande relevância na política empresarial das indústrias produtivas. Nesse sentido, uma das abordagens fundamentais é a gestão eficiente dos resíduos produzidos, nomeadamente na procura de soluções que permitam um melhor aproveitamento dos mesmos. A fileira do calçado, que constitui uma Indústria Produtiva de grande relevância para a economia nacional, tem vindo a investir ativamente neste tipo de abordagens. O Grupo Monteiro Ribas integra uma unidade industrial intitulada Monteiro Footwear, que se dedica à produção de placas de borracha para a indústria do calçado. Estas placas são maioritariamente compostas pela borracha de butadieno-estireno (SBR). Na Monteiro Footwear são desenvolvidas atividades que apresentam uma considerável geração de resíduos, tornando-se necessário proceder à sua correta gestão e, sempre que possível, à sua valorização. Ao longo da produção das placas são gerados diferentes tipos de resíduos nomeadamente o pó de SBR que é formado durante a fase de calibração das placas. Tendo como foco a valorização deste resíduo, o pó de borracha é recolhido através de um sistema de aspiração e armazenado com o objetivo de ser reincorporado numa gama de placas de borracha específica, tendo por base formulações de borracha nas quais o material reciclado funciona como carga de enchimento. Neste trabalho, pretendeu-se realizar um estudo comparativo de sustentabilidade entre as placas de borracha SBR convencionais e as placas de borracha SBR incorporando sua composição 40% de pó de borracha reciclada. O estudo de sustentabilidade teve por base a utilização de Indicadores de Sustentabilidade Ambiental e uma ferramenta que auxilia os Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental, a Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida (ACV). O método de produção dos dois tipos de placas de borracha SBR é muito semelhante, uma vez que ambas são sujeitas às mesmas etapas de produção. Consequentemente, o consumo energético, o consumo de água e algumas emissões atmosféricas, principalmente de compostos orgânicos voláteis, associados à produção de ambas, é praticamente igual. vi A principal diferença observada, envolve a obtenção de matérias-primas (MP) e todos os consumos e insumos associados às mesmas. A incorporação de 40% de pó reciclado na formulação das placas SBR reflete-se numa poupança significativa em termos de matérias-primas de cerca de 469 kg por cada 1000 kg de placas de borracha SBR produzidas e, consequentemente, numa poupança no consumo de combustíveis com origem fóssil (para a obtenção das matérias-primas e produção de energia utilizada no seu transporte) e, ainda, uma redução significativa em todas as emissões ambientais associadas a estes processos. Pode-se concluir que a produção da placa de borracha SBR com incorporação de pó reciclado representa uma vantagem ambiental relativamente à placa de borracha SBR convencional. Esta vantagem reflete-se principalmente a nível da poupança que é feita em termos de matéria-prima virgem e a nível do aproveitamento de resíduos provenientes do processo de produção. Relativamente a emissões de GEE associados ao transporte das matérias-primas para a produção de ambas as placas, determinou-se que no transporte das matérias-primas necessárias para a placa de borracha SBR com incorporação de pó dá-se uma emissão de 2,289 Mt CO2 eq /ton e, para a placa de borracha SBR convencional esse valor é de 3,164 Mt CO2 eq /ton. Ambos os valores correspondem a uma produção de 1000 kg de produto final (Unidade Funcional). Foi possível observar que a emissão de GEE no primeiro caso é cerca de 1,4 vezes inferior relativamente ao segundo, mostrando também uma clara vantagem. No entanto, importa mencionar que estes estudos de sustentabilidade são demorados e complexos tornando-se, por isso, difícil chegar a valores concretos e conclusões assertivas.
The preservation of the environment has received unprecedented attention from society, governments and economic agents including the Productive Industry. Most industrial production processes continue to generate negative impacts on the environment, so environmental management has been taking on a great relevance in the business policy of the productive industries. In this sense, one of the fundamental approaches is the efficient management of waste produced, in the search for solutions that allow a better use of them. The footwear business, which is a Productive Industry of great relevance to the national economy, has been actively investing in these types of approaches. The Monteiro Ribas Group is part of an industrial unit entitled Monteiro Footwear, which is dedicated to the production of rubber sheets for the footwear industry. These sheets are mostly composed of butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR). At Monteiro Footwear, activities are developed that present a considerable generation of waste, making it necessary to carry out its correct management and, whenever possible, its recovery. Throughout the production of the sheets are generated different types of waste, namely the SBR powder that is formed during the calibration phase of the sheets. Focusing on the recovery of this residue, the rubber powder is collected through an aspiration system and stored to be re-incorporated into a specific rubber sheet range, based on rubber formulations on which the recycled material acts as a filling load. In this work, it was intended to conduct a comparative study of sustainability between conventional SBR sheets and SBR sheets incorporating their composition 40% recycled rubber powder. The sustainability study was based on the use of Environmental Sustainability Indicators and a tool that assists the Environmental Management System, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The production method of the two types of SBR sheets is very similar, since both are subject to the same stages of production. Consequently, energy consumption, water consumption and some atmospheric emissions, mainly volatile organic compounds, associated with the production of both, are virtually the same. The main difference observed involves obtaining raw materials (MP) and all consumption and insums associated with them. The incorporation of 40% of recycled powder in the formulation of SBR sheets is reflected in a significant savings in terms of raw materials of about 469 kg per 1000 kg of SBR sheets produced and, consequently, a saving in the consumption of fossil fuels (for obtaining the raw materials and energy production used in their transport) and reduction in all environmental emissions associated with these processes. It can be concluded that the production of the SBR sheet with the incorporation of recycled powder represents an environmental advantage over the conventional SBR sheet. This advantage is mainly reflected in the savings that is made in terms of virgin raw material and in the use of waste from the production process. Regarding Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG) associated with the transport of raw materials to produce both sheets, it was determined that in the transport of the raw materials required for the SBR sheets with powder incorporation there is an emission of 2,289 Mt CO2 eq/ton and, for the conventional SBR sheet this value is 3,164 Mt CO2 eq/ton. Both values correspond to a production of 1000 kg of final product (functional unit). It was possible to observe that the GHG emission in the first case is about 1,4 times lower than the second, also showing a clear advantage. However, it should be mentioned that these sustainability studies are timeconsuming and complex, making it therefore difficult to reach concrete values and assertive conclusions.
The preservation of the environment has received unprecedented attention from society, governments and economic agents including the Productive Industry. Most industrial production processes continue to generate negative impacts on the environment, so environmental management has been taking on a great relevance in the business policy of the productive industries. In this sense, one of the fundamental approaches is the efficient management of waste produced, in the search for solutions that allow a better use of them. The footwear business, which is a Productive Industry of great relevance to the national economy, has been actively investing in these types of approaches. The Monteiro Ribas Group is part of an industrial unit entitled Monteiro Footwear, which is dedicated to the production of rubber sheets for the footwear industry. These sheets are mostly composed of butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR). At Monteiro Footwear, activities are developed that present a considerable generation of waste, making it necessary to carry out its correct management and, whenever possible, its recovery. Throughout the production of the sheets are generated different types of waste, namely the SBR powder that is formed during the calibration phase of the sheets. Focusing on the recovery of this residue, the rubber powder is collected through an aspiration system and stored to be re-incorporated into a specific rubber sheet range, based on rubber formulations on which the recycled material acts as a filling load. In this work, it was intended to conduct a comparative study of sustainability between conventional SBR sheets and SBR sheets incorporating their composition 40% recycled rubber powder. The sustainability study was based on the use of Environmental Sustainability Indicators and a tool that assists the Environmental Management System, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The production method of the two types of SBR sheets is very similar, since both are subject to the same stages of production. Consequently, energy consumption, water consumption and some atmospheric emissions, mainly volatile organic compounds, associated with the production of both, are virtually the same. The main difference observed involves obtaining raw materials (MP) and all consumption and insums associated with them. The incorporation of 40% of recycled powder in the formulation of SBR sheets is reflected in a significant savings in terms of raw materials of about 469 kg per 1000 kg of SBR sheets produced and, consequently, a saving in the consumption of fossil fuels (for obtaining the raw materials and energy production used in their transport) and reduction in all environmental emissions associated with these processes. It can be concluded that the production of the SBR sheet with the incorporation of recycled powder represents an environmental advantage over the conventional SBR sheet. This advantage is mainly reflected in the savings that is made in terms of virgin raw material and in the use of waste from the production process. Regarding Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG) associated with the transport of raw materials to produce both sheets, it was determined that in the transport of the raw materials required for the SBR sheets with powder incorporation there is an emission of 2,289 Mt CO2 eq/ton and, for the conventional SBR sheet this value is 3,164 Mt CO2 eq/ton. Both values correspond to a production of 1000 kg of final product (functional unit). It was possible to observe that the GHG emission in the first case is about 1,4 times lower than the second, also showing a clear advantage. However, it should be mentioned that these sustainability studies are timeconsuming and complex, making it therefore difficult to reach concrete values and assertive conclusions.
Description
Keywords
Sustentabilidade Desenvolvimento Sustentável Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida Borracha Butadieno-Estireno Pó de borracha reciclado Sustainability Sustainable Development Sustainable Development Indicators Life Cycle Assessment Butadiene-Styrene Rubber Recycled Rubber Powder