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Methods and Challenges on the Out-Of-Plane Assessment of Existing Masonry Buildings
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Historic masonry buildings were built for many centuries taking into account mostly vertical static loads according to the experience of the builder, usually, without much seismic concern. The seismic behavior of ancient masonry buildings is particularly difficult to characterize and depends on several factors, namely the materials properties, geometry of the structure, connections between structural and non-structural elements, stiffness of the horizontal diaphragms, and building condition. However, the different masonry types present common features that lead to high seismic vulnerability of these buildings, such as high specific mass, low tensile strength, low to moderate shear strength, and low to moderate ductility.
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Taylor & Francis