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Abstract(s)
A crescente preocupação com o património construído sensibilizou a população e os técnicos especializados na procura de estratégias, processos e instrumentos de apoio à caracterização das estruturas existentes e na sua reabilitação. A crescente necessidade de caracterizar o estado das estruturas construídas com recurso a métodos não destrutivos é um tema atual que tem sido alvo de diversos estudos e investigações. No presente trabalho apresentam-se três metodologias não destrutivas de caracterização de alvenarias de pedra: o método da resistividade elétrica, o étodo do georadar e o método dos ensaios sónicos. Estas metodologias foram estudadas, testadas em laboratório e aplicadas in-situ no objeto de estudo, o Solar de Lamas. Relativamente aos ensaios através do método elétrico da resistividade analisou-se a influência de fatores externos e do grau de humidade na obtenção de resultados. No que diz respeito ao método do georadar adaptou-se o equipamento e a metodologia de aquisição a ensaios sobre alvenarias de pedra com a antena de 900 MHz e foi avaliada a sua operacionalidade. Relativamente aos ensaios sónicos, foi analisada a influência de diferentes fatores na nitidez do sinal e no cálculo da velocidade de propagação de ondas sónicas, como a influência da definição da primeira chegada e sinal no cálculo da velocidade. Através dos ensaios sónicos foi ainda possível estimar o módulo de elasticidade quer de um bloco de granito estudado em laboratório como de uma parede de alvenaria estudada no Solar de Lamas.
The growing concern with the constructed legacy sensitized the population and experts for strategies search, processes and tools to support the characterization of existing structures and improve their rehabilitation. The increasing need for characterization of the built structures using non-destructive methods has become a current topic that has been the subject for several studies and investigations. In this dissertation are presented three non-destructive methods for characterization of the stone masonry: the electrical resistivity method, the GPR method and the sonic tests method. These methods have been studied, tested in the laboratory and applied insitu in the study object, the Solar Lamas. For tests using the resistivity electric method was tested the geophysical acquisition on masonry walls, it was also analyzed the influence of external factors and the degree of humidity in achieving results. Regarding the GPR method a few geophysical tests were developed on stone masonry with antenna 900 MHz and its operability was evaluated. For sonic testing was examined the influence of different factors on the speed and propagation of waves as well as the influence of the setting of the first signal on waves speed calculation. Through the sonic testing it was also possible to calculate the modulus of elasticity of either the granite block studied in the laboratory and the masonry wall studded in the Solar de Lamas.
The growing concern with the constructed legacy sensitized the population and experts for strategies search, processes and tools to support the characterization of existing structures and improve their rehabilitation. The increasing need for characterization of the built structures using non-destructive methods has become a current topic that has been the subject for several studies and investigations. In this dissertation are presented three non-destructive methods for characterization of the stone masonry: the electrical resistivity method, the GPR method and the sonic tests method. These methods have been studied, tested in the laboratory and applied insitu in the study object, the Solar Lamas. For tests using the resistivity electric method was tested the geophysical acquisition on masonry walls, it was also analyzed the influence of external factors and the degree of humidity in achieving results. Regarding the GPR method a few geophysical tests were developed on stone masonry with antenna 900 MHz and its operability was evaluated. For sonic testing was examined the influence of different factors on the speed and propagation of waves as well as the influence of the setting of the first signal on waves speed calculation. Through the sonic testing it was also possible to calculate the modulus of elasticity of either the granite block studied in the laboratory and the masonry wall studded in the Solar de Lamas.
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Keywords
Alvenaria de pedra Ensaios não destrutivos (NDT) Ensaios resistividade Georadar Ensaios sónicos Stone masonry Non-destructive testing (NDT) Resistivity tests GPR Sonic tests