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Abstract(s)
A eficiência energética e a sustentabilidade são temas que têm assumido cada vez mais destaque em discussões e acordos mundiais, perspetivando-se a redução do consumo energético pelo setor residencial e a contribuição por um ambiente mais sustentável. Nesse sentido, na presente dissertação é realizado um estudo sobre o desempenho energético de uma moradia construída na década de 60 na cidade da Trofa, objetivando-se melhorias no desempenho energético e térmico. A análise do seu desempenho energético é fundamentada no comportamento térmico dos seus elementos construtivos e na eficiência dos seus sistemas técnicos. Para isso, numa primeira fase do desenvolvimento faz-se um levantamento arquitetónico da moradia em estudo através do software Sketchup e recorrendo à ferramenta de cálculo EnergyPlus e à plataforma OpenStudio define-se a moradia nomeadamente no que respeita aos elementos construtivos, equipamentos e respetivos perfis de utilização, número de ocupantes e perfis de ocupação. Posteriormente, realiza-se uma análise do comportamento térmico e energético da habitação e do conforto térmico dos habitantes para o caso real, através de duas metodologias: análise da temperatura de bolbo seco do ar interior e análise dos valores de percentagem prevista de pessoas insatisfeitas. De seguida, sequencialmente são propostos métodos de reabilitação da moradia e verifica-se que através da introdução 9 cm de lã de rocha na laje de cobertura dos espaços úteis, 8 cm de poliestireno expandido na parede exterior dos espaços úteis, substituição integral dos vãos envidraçados por elementos novos e a instalação de um recuperador de calor de fluxos cruzados, é possível garantir um ambiente termicamente confortável e saudável sem depender de equipamentos específicos para climatização. De seguida, é analisado o efeito no consumo de água quente sanitária, resultante da substituição do chuveiro e torneiras existentes por dispositivos hidricamente mais eficientes. Com vista a perceber sob o ponto de vista económico qual o sistema de produção de água quente sanitária mais adequado para a moradia, analisa-se 16 cenários distintos, concluindo-se que o esquentador a gás natural deve ser a primeira opção. Por último, efetua-se uma análise das emissões de dióxido de carbono e verifica-se que o sistema economicamente mais rentável permite uma diminuição de 36% face ao sistema atualmente implementado.
The global stage is currently engaged in extensive discussions and agreements concerning the critical themes of energy efficiency and sustainability. The imperative to reduce energy consumption in the residential sector and contribute to a more environmentally friendly world has gained significant momentum. This dissertation examines the energy performance of a house constructed in the 1960s in Trofa, Portugal, with the objective of enhancing both energy and thermal efficiency. The analysis of the property's energy performance is based on an investigation into the thermal behavior of its structural elements and the effectiveness of its technical systems. Initially, an architectural survey of the property is conducted using Sketchup software. Subsequently, employing the EnergyPlus calculation tool and the OpenStudio platform, the dissertation defines the construction elements, equipment, profiles, usage patterns, number of occupants, and occupancy profiles of the property. Following this, the dwelling's thermal and energy behavior, as well as the occupants' thermal comfort, are analyzed using two methodologies: examination of the dry bulb temperature of the indoor air and evaluation of the predicted percentage of dissatisfied occupants. Sequentially, a series of rehabilitation methods are proposed for the property. These include the introduction of 9cm of rock wool insulation in the slab covering the living spaces, 8cm of expanded polystyrene insulation in the external walls of the living spaces, replacement of the existing glazed elements with new ones, and the installation of a cross-flow heat exchanger. These measures ensure a thermally comfortable and healthy environment without the need for specific air conditioning equipment. Furthermore, the study scrutinizes the impact of replacing the existing shower fixtures and faucets with more water-efficient devices on domestic hot water consumption. An economic evaluation is performed to determine the most suitable domestic hot water production system for the property. Through the analysis of 16 different scenarios, it is concluded that a natural gas water heater should be the preferred option. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of carbon dioxide emissions is conducted, revealing that the most economically viable system allows for a significant 36% reduction compared to the currently implemented system.
The global stage is currently engaged in extensive discussions and agreements concerning the critical themes of energy efficiency and sustainability. The imperative to reduce energy consumption in the residential sector and contribute to a more environmentally friendly world has gained significant momentum. This dissertation examines the energy performance of a house constructed in the 1960s in Trofa, Portugal, with the objective of enhancing both energy and thermal efficiency. The analysis of the property's energy performance is based on an investigation into the thermal behavior of its structural elements and the effectiveness of its technical systems. Initially, an architectural survey of the property is conducted using Sketchup software. Subsequently, employing the EnergyPlus calculation tool and the OpenStudio platform, the dissertation defines the construction elements, equipment, profiles, usage patterns, number of occupants, and occupancy profiles of the property. Following this, the dwelling's thermal and energy behavior, as well as the occupants' thermal comfort, are analyzed using two methodologies: examination of the dry bulb temperature of the indoor air and evaluation of the predicted percentage of dissatisfied occupants. Sequentially, a series of rehabilitation methods are proposed for the property. These include the introduction of 9cm of rock wool insulation in the slab covering the living spaces, 8cm of expanded polystyrene insulation in the external walls of the living spaces, replacement of the existing glazed elements with new ones, and the installation of a cross-flow heat exchanger. These measures ensure a thermally comfortable and healthy environment without the need for specific air conditioning equipment. Furthermore, the study scrutinizes the impact of replacing the existing shower fixtures and faucets with more water-efficient devices on domestic hot water consumption. An economic evaluation is performed to determine the most suitable domestic hot water production system for the property. Through the analysis of 16 different scenarios, it is concluded that a natural gas water heater should be the preferred option. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of carbon dioxide emissions is conducted, revealing that the most economically viable system allows for a significant 36% reduction compared to the currently implemented system.
Description
Keywords
Eficiência energética Conforto térmico Emissões de CO2 Investimento Simulação Dinâmica Energy efficiency Thermal behavior Carbon dioxide emissions Investment Dynamic system simulation