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Abstract(s)
A tecnologia blockchain tem assumido um papel de destaque no mundo tecnológico. Assistimos ao aparecimento do conceito de indústria 4.0, que pretende a transferência de autonomia para as máquinas. Esta autonomia só é possível de atingir através de uma grande quantidade de dados e transações adquiridos através de sensores ou outros dispositivos ligados entre si – Internet das Coisas. A necessidade de uma taxa grande de transações e de passagem de informação confiável e fidedigna, entre atores pertencentes a uma mesma rede confiável, leva ao aparecimento da tecnologia blockchain em 2008, com a Bitcoin. Anos antes, a ideia de cadeias de blocos criptograficamente protegidas, já havia sido desenvolvida, embora com limitações na forma de gerar consenso entre os diferentes agentes. Desde 2008, têm sido desenvolvidos diferentes algoritmos de consenso para uma rede blockchain. Desde o original proof-of-work, passando pelo proof-of-stake até a métodos de directed acyclic graph, a forma como o consenso é gerado numa rede blockchain digitalmente imutável assume diferentes formas, com diferentes benefícios e limitações. O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar a tecnologia blockchain e os seus avanços tecnológicos, garantindo uma visão geral da mesma. Com base no seu funcionamento, identificar domínios de aplicação desta tecnologia, com especial enfoque na cadeia de abastecimento e área logística, devido ao seu potencial de benefícios a atingir. É igualmente pretendido, uma abordagem às limitações e requisitos necessários para a sua aplicação em ambiente produtivo, uma vez que, nesta área as aplicações ainda não se encontram em fases avançadas.
Blockchain technology has assumed a prominent role in the technological world. We have seen the emergence of the concept of industry 4.0, which aims to transfer autonomy to machines. This autonomy is only possible to achieve through a large amount of data and transactions acquired through sensors or other connected devices - the Internet of Things. The need for a high rate of transactions and the passing of reliable and trustworthy information between actors belonging to the same trusted network, leads to the appearance of blockchain technology in 2008, with Bitcoin. Years earlier, the idea of cryptographically protected blockchains had already been developed, albeit with limitations on how to generate consensus between different agents. Since 2008, different consensus algorithms have developed for a blockchain network. From the original proofof-work, through the proof-of-stake to methods as directed acyclic graph, the way consensus is generated in a digitally immutable blockchain network takes different forms, with several benefits and limitations. The purpose of this dissertation is to study blockchain technology and its technological advances, ensuring an overview of it. Based on its operation, identify areas of application of this technology, with a particular focus on the supply chain and logistics area, due to its potential benefits to be achieved. It is intended, an approach to the limitations and requirements necessary for its application in a production environment, since, in this area, applications are not yet in advanced stages.
Blockchain technology has assumed a prominent role in the technological world. We have seen the emergence of the concept of industry 4.0, which aims to transfer autonomy to machines. This autonomy is only possible to achieve through a large amount of data and transactions acquired through sensors or other connected devices - the Internet of Things. The need for a high rate of transactions and the passing of reliable and trustworthy information between actors belonging to the same trusted network, leads to the appearance of blockchain technology in 2008, with Bitcoin. Years earlier, the idea of cryptographically protected blockchains had already been developed, albeit with limitations on how to generate consensus between different agents. Since 2008, different consensus algorithms have developed for a blockchain network. From the original proofof-work, through the proof-of-stake to methods as directed acyclic graph, the way consensus is generated in a digitally immutable blockchain network takes different forms, with several benefits and limitations. The purpose of this dissertation is to study blockchain technology and its technological advances, ensuring an overview of it. Based on its operation, identify areas of application of this technology, with a particular focus on the supply chain and logistics area, due to its potential benefits to be achieved. It is intended, an approach to the limitations and requirements necessary for its application in a production environment, since, in this area, applications are not yet in advanced stages.
Description
Keywords
Blockchain Indústria 4.0 Internet das coisas Cadeia de abastecimento Logística Industry 4.0 Internet of Things Supply chain Logistics