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Análise de Soluções de Ventilação em Atmosferas Explosivas para Instalações de Purificação de Hidrogénio
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| 12.62 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
Num contexto de transição energética, o hidrogénio assume um papel central como
vetor energético alternativo, mas a sua elevada inflamabilidade exige soluções robustas
para prevenir riscos de explosão. Esta dissertação incide sobre a avaliação
de riscos associados às operações com hidrogénio na indústria química, aplicada a
uma instalação de separação de gases por VPSA (Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption).
O estudo é desenvolvido no âmbito de um estágio curricular na SODECA
Portugal e tem como foco o projeto de sistemas de ventilação mecânica capazes de
prevenir a formação de atmosferas explosivas num contentor técnico sujeito a fugas
de hidrogénio, aplicando as normas ATEX e, em particular, a IEC 60079-10-1.
A metodologia adotada inclui a análise normativa e a análise do caso de estudo
fornecido pela SYSADVANCE, seguida da conceção do projeto técnico, com seleção
de grelhas e ventiladores ATEX, da modelação CAD do contentor VPSA e integração
das soluções, da simulação CFD no software ANSYS Fluent, modelando a dispersão
de hidrogénio, e da comparação entre resultados normativos e numéricos, propondo
melhorias. São consideradas inicialmente soluções de ventilação natural, para fins
comparativos, de forma a avaliar o seu desempenho e explorar de que modo poderiam
complementar soluções mecânicas. Em seguida, são desenvolvidas e analisadas duas
soluções de ventilação mecânica: uma com ventilador axial e outra com ventilador
de cobertura, cada uma incluindo variantes otimizadas.
As simulações CFD permitem validar e aperfeiçoar as soluções dimensionadas
segundo a norma, avaliando variáveis como velocidade média do escoamento e distribuição
da concentração de hidrogénio. Conclui-se que a integração da análise
normativa com a simulação CFD conduz a soluções de ventilação com melhor desempenho
aerodinâmico e maior segurança operacional. O contributo deste trabalho
assenta na criação de uma metodologia de projeto e validação que pode ser replicada
em outras instalações industriais com risco ATEX, reforçando a segurança e a
eficiência em contextos críticos da indústria química e energética.
In the context of the energy transition, hydrogen plays a central role as an alternative energy vector, but its high flammability requires robust solutions to prevent explosion risks. This dissertation focuses on the risk assessment associated with hydrogen operations in the chemical industry, applied to a gas separation installation using VPSA (Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption). The study is carried out within the scope of a curricular internship at SODECA Portugal and addresses the design of mechanical ventilation systems capable of preventing explosive atmospheres in a technical container exposed to hydrogen leaks, in accordance with ATEX standards and, in particular, IEC 60079-10-1. The adopted methodology includes normative analysis and the analysis of the case study provided by SYSADVANCE, followed by the technical design, including the selection of ATEX grilles and fans, the CAD modeling of the VPSA container and integration of the solutions, CFD simulation in ANSYS Fluent software to model hydrogen dispersion, and comparison between normative and numerical results, proposing improvements. Natural ventilation solutions are initially considered for comparative purposes, to evaluate their performance and explore how they could complement mechanical solutions. Subsequently, two mechanical ventilation solutions are developed and analyzed: one with an axial fan and another with a roof-mounted fan, each including optimized variants. CFD simulations allow the validation and refinement of solutions dimensioned according to the standards, evaluating variables such as average flow velocity and hydrogen concentration distribution. It is concluded that the integration of normative analysis with CFD simulation leads to ventilation solutions with improved aerodynamic performance and greater operational safety. The contribution of this work lies in creating a design and validation methodology that can be replicated in other industrial facilities with ATEX risk, enhancing safety and efficiency in critical chemical and energy industry contexts.
In the context of the energy transition, hydrogen plays a central role as an alternative energy vector, but its high flammability requires robust solutions to prevent explosion risks. This dissertation focuses on the risk assessment associated with hydrogen operations in the chemical industry, applied to a gas separation installation using VPSA (Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption). The study is carried out within the scope of a curricular internship at SODECA Portugal and addresses the design of mechanical ventilation systems capable of preventing explosive atmospheres in a technical container exposed to hydrogen leaks, in accordance with ATEX standards and, in particular, IEC 60079-10-1. The adopted methodology includes normative analysis and the analysis of the case study provided by SYSADVANCE, followed by the technical design, including the selection of ATEX grilles and fans, the CAD modeling of the VPSA container and integration of the solutions, CFD simulation in ANSYS Fluent software to model hydrogen dispersion, and comparison between normative and numerical results, proposing improvements. Natural ventilation solutions are initially considered for comparative purposes, to evaluate their performance and explore how they could complement mechanical solutions. Subsequently, two mechanical ventilation solutions are developed and analyzed: one with an axial fan and another with a roof-mounted fan, each including optimized variants. CFD simulations allow the validation and refinement of solutions dimensioned according to the standards, evaluating variables such as average flow velocity and hydrogen concentration distribution. It is concluded that the integration of normative analysis with CFD simulation leads to ventilation solutions with improved aerodynamic performance and greater operational safety. The contribution of this work lies in creating a design and validation methodology that can be replicated in other industrial facilities with ATEX risk, enhancing safety and efficiency in critical chemical and energy industry contexts.
Description
Keywords
Hydrogen ATEX Mechanical Ventilation IEC 60079-10-1 VPSA CFD Simulation Hidrogénio Ventilação Mecânica Simulação CFD