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Publication
Futuros desafios impostos às estações de tratamento de águas residuais urbanas pela nova Diretiva Europeia (UE) 2024/3019
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da nova Diretiva (UE) 2024/3019 sobre o tratamento de águas residuais urbanas, com especial destaque nas exigências associadas às etapas de tratamento terciário e quaternário. Esta diretiva reforça a necessidade de remover nutrientes, e também micropoluentes, como produtos farmacêuticos e cosméticos, cuja presença crescente nos corpos de água
representa riscos significativos para os ecossistemas e para a saúde pública. O presente estudo incluiu a análise de parâmetros de monitorização exigidos, das metas de redução impostas pela diretiva e dos processos atualmente disponíveis para dar resposta a esses desafios. Foram avaliados processos avançados, como os
processos de separação por membranas, adsorção em carvão ativado e oxidação avançada, identificando-se as suas vantagens, limitações e barreiras económicas e operacionais à sua implementação em larga escala.
Destaca-se também a reutilização da água como alternativa sustentável, em linha com os princípios da economia circular e a gestão eficiente dos recursos hídricos. A valorização da água tratada, promovida pela Diretiva, representa uma oportunidade para a redução do impacto ambiental e para a resiliência dos sistemas urbanos.
Para além da análise legislativa, o estudo permitiu identificar soluções técnicas viáveis e propor abordagens integradas de tratamento, reforçando a necessidade de investimentos em inovação e adaptação tecnológicas em estações de tratamento de águas residuais, com vista ao cumprimento dos objetivos ambientais futuros.
This dissertation aims to analyze the impacts of the new Directive (EU) 2024/3019 on urban wastewater treatment, with a special focus on the requirements associated with tertiary and quaternary treatment stages. This directive reinforces the need to remove nutrients, and also micropollutants, such as pharmaceutical compounds and cosmetics, whose increasing presence in water bodies poses significant risks to ecosystems and public health. This study included the analysis of required monitoring parameters, the reduction targets imposed by the directive, and the processes currently available to address these challenges. Advanced processes, such as membrane separation processes, activated carbon adsorption, and advanced oxidation, were evaluated, identifying their advantages, limitations, and economic and operational barriers to their large-scale implementation. Water reuse is also highlighted as a sustainable alternative, in line with the principles of the circular economy and efficient water resource management. The recovery of treated water, promoted by the Directive, represents an opportunity to reduce environmental impact and to the resilience of urban systems. In addition to the legislative analysis, the study identified viable technical solutions and proposed integrated treatment approaches, reinforcing the need for investment in innovation and technological adaptation in wastewater treatment plants to meet future environmental objectives.
This dissertation aims to analyze the impacts of the new Directive (EU) 2024/3019 on urban wastewater treatment, with a special focus on the requirements associated with tertiary and quaternary treatment stages. This directive reinforces the need to remove nutrients, and also micropollutants, such as pharmaceutical compounds and cosmetics, whose increasing presence in water bodies poses significant risks to ecosystems and public health. This study included the analysis of required monitoring parameters, the reduction targets imposed by the directive, and the processes currently available to address these challenges. Advanced processes, such as membrane separation processes, activated carbon adsorption, and advanced oxidation, were evaluated, identifying their advantages, limitations, and economic and operational barriers to their large-scale implementation. Water reuse is also highlighted as a sustainable alternative, in line with the principles of the circular economy and efficient water resource management. The recovery of treated water, promoted by the Directive, represents an opportunity to reduce environmental impact and to the resilience of urban systems. In addition to the legislative analysis, the study identified viable technical solutions and proposed integrated treatment approaches, reinforcing the need for investment in innovation and technological adaptation in wastewater treatment plants to meet future environmental objectives.
Description
Keywords
Microorganisms Micropollutants Nutrients Quaternary treatment Tertiary treatment Water reuse Micropoluentes Microrganismos Nutrientes Reutilização de água Tratamento quaternário Tratamento terciário