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Publication
Determinação da pegada carbónica no fabrico de uma lente oftálmica
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| 6.68 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo quantificar a pegada de carbono associada
à produção de uma lente oftálmica, na empresa Shamir Optical, e a sua respetiva minimização.
Procedeu-se à sua avaliação através da metodologia do Greenhouse Gas Protocol, sendo esta a
metodologia amplamente mais utilizada para contabilizar e gerir emissões.
Na metodologia do GHG Protocol, as emissões de GEE podem ser diretas ou indiretas,
dependente da sua fonte de emissão, e são divididas em três âmbitos. O âmbito 1 engloba todas
as emissões diretas da empresa, ou seja, todas as emissões provenientes de fontes que
pertencem ou que são controladas pela empresa. No âmbito 2 são contabilizadas as emissões
indiretas associadas ao consumo de eletricidade por parte da empresa nas suas instalações. Por
último, no âmbito 3 estão presentes as atividades que advêm da empresa, mas que ocorrem
em fontes que não pertencem ou não são controladas pela mesma.
Para o cálculo da pegada de carbono, é necessário desenvolver inicialmente um inventário com
toda a informação que será necessária para realizar posteriormente os cálculos. Para além
disso, também é necessário utilizar os fatores de emissão correspondentes a cada tipo de
emissão, como forma de rácio para relacionar as emissões de GEE com os dados das atividades.
Para isso, foram utilizados os fatores de emissão documentados pelo GHG Protocol, DEFRA e
EPA.
Foi ainda elaborada uma ferramenta de cálculo em Excel, das emissões de GEE aplicada à
empresa. Esta ferramenta permitirá à empresa alimentar anualmente com novos dados de
atividade e dar suporte a propostas de novas medidas de redução e compensação das emissões
de GEE. Com a sua implementação, torna-se possível uma gestão mais estruturada e
consistente da informação, facilitando não só o acompanhamento interno como, também, a
transparência e partilha dos resultados com os stakeholders, promovendo o compromisso e a
credibilidade junto das partes interessadas.
O transporte e distribuição de bens é a categoria responsável pela maioria das emissões de
gases com efeito de estufa, contribuindo com cerca de 50% das emissões que integram a
pegada de carbono. Verifica-se também que o âmbito 3, correspondente às emissões indiretas
provenientes de fontes que não são controladas pela empresa, contam com 80% das emissões
totais associadas à pegada de carbono.
No presente estudo, foram estimadas as emissões de GEE referentes aos anos de 2023 e 2024,
com o objetivo de permitir uma análise comparativa entre os dois períodos e avaliar a evolução
do desempenho ambiental da empresa. No final, foram propostas novas medidas de melhoria
e de compensação para o futuro empresarial na área da sustentabilidade.
This dissertation aims primarily to quantify the carbon footprint associated with the production of an ophthalmic lens at the company Shamir Optical, as well as its respective minimization. The assessment was carried out using the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol methodology, which is the most widely used approach for accounting and managing emissions. According to the GHG Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be either direct or indirect, depending on their source, and are categorized into three scopes. Scope 1 includes all direct emissions from the company, that is, all emissions originating from sources that are owned or controlled by the organization. Scope 2 accounts for indirect emissions associated with the consumption of electricity by the company at its facilities. Lastly, Scope 3 includes emissions resulting from company-related activities that occur at sources not owned or controlled by the company. To calculate the carbon footprint, it is first necessary to develop an inventory containing all the information required to perform the subsequent calculations. Additionally, it is essential to use the appropriate emission factors for each type of emission, which serve as ratios to relate GHG emissions to activity data. For this purpose, emission factors documented by the GHG Protocol, DEFRA, and EPA were used. Furthermore, a calculation tool in Excel was developed to estimate the company’s GHG emissions. This tool enables the company to input updated activity data annually and supports the proposal of new mitigation and compensation measures for GHG emissions. With its implementation, it becomes possible to manage information in a more structured and consistent manner, facilitating not only internal monitoring but also transparency and the sharing of results with stakeholders, thereby promoting engagement and credibility with interested parties. The transportation and distribution of goods represent the category responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 50% of the total carbon footprint. It is also observed that Scope 3, which includes indirect emissions from sources not controlled by the company, accounts for 80% of the total emissions associated with the carbon footprint. In this study, GHG emissions for the years 2023 and 2024 were estimated with the objective of enabling a comparative analysis between the two periods and evaluating the company’s environmental performance over time. Finally, new improvement and compensation measures were proposed to support the company's future in the field of sustainability.
This dissertation aims primarily to quantify the carbon footprint associated with the production of an ophthalmic lens at the company Shamir Optical, as well as its respective minimization. The assessment was carried out using the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol methodology, which is the most widely used approach for accounting and managing emissions. According to the GHG Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be either direct or indirect, depending on their source, and are categorized into three scopes. Scope 1 includes all direct emissions from the company, that is, all emissions originating from sources that are owned or controlled by the organization. Scope 2 accounts for indirect emissions associated with the consumption of electricity by the company at its facilities. Lastly, Scope 3 includes emissions resulting from company-related activities that occur at sources not owned or controlled by the company. To calculate the carbon footprint, it is first necessary to develop an inventory containing all the information required to perform the subsequent calculations. Additionally, it is essential to use the appropriate emission factors for each type of emission, which serve as ratios to relate GHG emissions to activity data. For this purpose, emission factors documented by the GHG Protocol, DEFRA, and EPA were used. Furthermore, a calculation tool in Excel was developed to estimate the company’s GHG emissions. This tool enables the company to input updated activity data annually and supports the proposal of new mitigation and compensation measures for GHG emissions. With its implementation, it becomes possible to manage information in a more structured and consistent manner, facilitating not only internal monitoring but also transparency and the sharing of results with stakeholders, thereby promoting engagement and credibility with interested parties. The transportation and distribution of goods represent the category responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 50% of the total carbon footprint. It is also observed that Scope 3, which includes indirect emissions from sources not controlled by the company, accounts for 80% of the total emissions associated with the carbon footprint. In this study, GHG emissions for the years 2023 and 2024 were estimated with the objective of enabling a comparative analysis between the two periods and evaluating the company’s environmental performance over time. Finally, new improvement and compensation measures were proposed to support the company's future in the field of sustainability.
Description
Keywords
Carbon footprint Greenhouse Gas Greenhouse Gas Protocol Pegada de carbono Gases com efeito de estufa