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Abstract(s)
As unidades petrolíferas desempenham um papel crucial na economia global e na sociedade como um todo. O petróleo é considerado um recurso natural extremamente estratégico devido à sua importância vital no abastecimento de energia, garantindo o funcionamento das sociedades. Além de ser uma fonte de renda, o petróleo confere poder e influência aos países que o possuem, uma vez que muitas nações do mundo desejam adquirir esse recurso para abastecimento interno. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o estado atual das tecnologias do sistema de proteção e controle numa unidade de exploração de petróleo que procura garantir a segurança operacional e a integridade do seu sistema elétrico. Esse sistema abrange uma variedade de medidas destinadas a prevenir falhas, responder rapidamente a eventos anômalos e proteger equipamentos críticos. A proteção de sobrecorrente é fundamental, monitorando e desconectando circuitos em caso de correntes excessivas. Além disso, a proteção diferencial é aplicada para detetar falhas internas nos transformadores. A proteção contra sobretensão e subtensão salvaguarda contra variações prejudiciais de tensão.
A deteção de falhas à terra é essencial para prevenir riscos de choque elétrico e isolar seções afetadas. Sistemas de proteção também incorporam relés de proteção de motores, garantindo seu funcionamento adequado. A implementação de relés de proteção de geração principal e de emergência é crucial para assegurar a confiabilidade do suprimento elétrico. Adicionalmente, há ênfase na proteção contra curtos-circuitos e na monitorização da sincronização adequada dos geradores. Em ambientes marítimos, como plataformas offshore, as condições adversas exigem proteção específica contra corrosão e umidade. A automação e a comunicação entre os dispositivos de proteção são realizadas seguindo padrões como IEC 61850. Em resumo, o sistema de proteção em unidades de exploração de petróleo é uma rede complexa de dispositivos e tecnologias que visa salvaguardar a integridade do sistema elétrico, promovendo a segurança operacional em ambientes desafiadores.
Petroleum units play a crucial role in the global economy and society as a whole. Oil is considered an extremely strategic natural resource due to its vital importance in supplying energy, ensuring the functioning of societies. In addition to being a source of income, oil gives power and influence on the countries that have it, since many nations in the world wish to acquire this resource for internal supply. This dissertation aims to analyze the current state of protection and control system technologies in an oil exploration unit that seeks to guarantee the operational safety and integrity of the electrical system. This system encompasses a variety of measures designed to prevent failures, respond quickly to anomalous events, and protect critical equipment. Overcurrent protection is critical, monitoring and disconnecting circuits in case of excessive currents. Furthermore, differential protection is employed to detect internal faults in transformers. Overvoltage and undervoltage protection safeguards against harmful voltage variations. Earth fault detection is essential to prevent electric shock hazards and isolate affected sections. Protection systems also incorporate motor protection relays, ensuring their proper functioning. The implementation of main and emergency generation protection relays is crucial to ensure the reliability of electrical supply. Additionally, there is an emphasis on protection against short circuits and monitoring the proper synchronization of generators. In marine environments, such as offshore platforms, harsh conditions require specific protection against corrosion and moisture. Automation and communication between protection devices are carried out following standards such as IEC 61850. In summary, the protection system in oil exploration units is a complex network of devices and technologies that aims to safeguard the integrity of the electrical system, promoting operational security in challenging environments.
Petroleum units play a crucial role in the global economy and society as a whole. Oil is considered an extremely strategic natural resource due to its vital importance in supplying energy, ensuring the functioning of societies. In addition to being a source of income, oil gives power and influence on the countries that have it, since many nations in the world wish to acquire this resource for internal supply. This dissertation aims to analyze the current state of protection and control system technologies in an oil exploration unit that seeks to guarantee the operational safety and integrity of the electrical system. This system encompasses a variety of measures designed to prevent failures, respond quickly to anomalous events, and protect critical equipment. Overcurrent protection is critical, monitoring and disconnecting circuits in case of excessive currents. Furthermore, differential protection is employed to detect internal faults in transformers. Overvoltage and undervoltage protection safeguards against harmful voltage variations. Earth fault detection is essential to prevent electric shock hazards and isolate affected sections. Protection systems also incorporate motor protection relays, ensuring their proper functioning. The implementation of main and emergency generation protection relays is crucial to ensure the reliability of electrical supply. Additionally, there is an emphasis on protection against short circuits and monitoring the proper synchronization of generators. In marine environments, such as offshore platforms, harsh conditions require specific protection against corrosion and moisture. Automation and communication between protection devices are carried out following standards such as IEC 61850. In summary, the protection system in oil exploration units is a complex network of devices and technologies that aims to safeguard the integrity of the electrical system, promoting operational security in challenging environments.
Description
Keywords
Electrical protection Oil exploration unit Overcurrent Differential Overvoltage Earth fault Protection relays Synchronization IEC 61850 communication Proteção elétrica Unidade de exploração de petróleo Diferencial Sobrecorrente Sobretensão Falha à terra Relés de proteção Sincronização comunicação
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