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Incorporação de resíduos cerâmicos na pasta cerâmica
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A presente Dissertação de Mestrado, desenvolvida no âmbito do mestrado em Engenharia
Química na empresa ARCH Valadares, teve como principal objetivo, a caracterização e a
incorporação de resíduos cerâmicos na pasta cerâmica provenientes da Centrifugadora 2, além
da análise do impacto económico e ambiental associado ao reaproveitamento.
Os resíduos tratados pela Centrifugadora 2 são águas de lavagens de utensílios, como
equipamento e vasilhame, utilizado na preparação de vidrados cerâmicos, na preparação de
pastas e nas olarias. Para a caracterização reológica e física das amostras recolhidas da
Centrifugadora 2 e dos ensaios de incorporação, foram realizados testes de controlo de
qualidade, avaliando a densidade, viscosidade, tixotropia, resistência mecânica, contrações,
deformação e absorção de água, e testes complementares como a permeabilidade e a dilatação
térmica.
A primeira fase do trabalho começou com a caracterização das amostras de resíduos recolhidos,
com progressivamente menos vidrado branco, para corroborar a proposta de reconfiguração do
sistema da Centrifugadora 2, e eliminar a presença de vidrado branco. Os resultados obtidos
confirmaram os efeitos negativos do vidrado branco para a reincorporação dos resíduos na pasta
cerâmica. Já a segunda fase do estudo envolveu a caracterização dos ensaios de incorporação
com diferentes percentagens de resíduo seco, nomeadamente com 0,5 %, 1,0 %, 1,5 %, 2,0 %,
5,0 % e 10,0 % em matéria da suspensão cerâmica. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que até
2,0 % de incorporação de matéria seca de resíduo, as propriedades da pasta cerâmica
permanecem dentro das especificações técnicas estabelecidas pela empresa, assegurando a
qualidade do material final. Com a incorporação de 2,0 % e resíduo cerâmico, estima-se a
substituição de 4,4 toneladas mensais de matérias-primas, com uma poupança mensal
aproximadamente de 880 €, e uma redução de emissões de CO2 entre 3,30 e 4,18 toneladas por
mês.
Em suma, este estudo tem bastante relevância no mundo atual devido à importância que a
economia circular e sustentabilidade tem na indústria, contribuindo para práticas mais eficientes
e ambientalmente responsáveis, princípios presentes na ARCH Valadares.
This Master's Dissertation, developed as part of the Master's degree in Chemical Engineering at ARCH Valadares, focused primarily on characterizing and incorporating ceramic waste into the ceramic paste from Centrifuge 2, as well as analyzing the economic and environmental impact associated with its reuse. The waste treated by Centrifuge 2 consists of water from washing utensils, such as equipment and containers, used in the preparation of ceramic glazes, pastes, and pottery. To characterize the rheological and physical characteristics of the samples collected from Centrifuge 2 and perform incorporation tests, quality control tests were performed, evaluating density, viscosity, thixotropy, mechanical strength, contractions, deformation, and water absorption, as well as additional tests such as permeability and thermal expansion. The first phase of the work began with the characterization of the collected waste samples, with progressively less white glaze, to corroborate the proposed reconfiguration of the Centrifuge 2 system and eliminate the presence of white glaze. The results confirmed the negative effects of white enamel on the reincorporation of waste into the ceramic paste. The second phase of the study involved characterizing the incorporation tests with different percentages of dry residue, namely 0,5 %, 1,0 %, 1,5 %, 2,0 %, 5,0 %, and 10,0 % of the ceramic suspension. The results demonstrated that up to 2.0% dry residue incorporation, the properties of the ceramic paste remain within the technical specifications established by the company, ensuring the quality of the final material. With the incorporation of 2,0 % ceramic waste, it is estimated that 4.4 tons of raw materials will be replaced per month, with a monthly savings of approximately 880 €, and a reduction in CO2 emissions of between 3,30 and 4,18 tons per month. In conclusion, this study is highly relevant in today's world due to the importance that the circular economy and sustainability have in the industry, contributing to more efficient
This Master's Dissertation, developed as part of the Master's degree in Chemical Engineering at ARCH Valadares, focused primarily on characterizing and incorporating ceramic waste into the ceramic paste from Centrifuge 2, as well as analyzing the economic and environmental impact associated with its reuse. The waste treated by Centrifuge 2 consists of water from washing utensils, such as equipment and containers, used in the preparation of ceramic glazes, pastes, and pottery. To characterize the rheological and physical characteristics of the samples collected from Centrifuge 2 and perform incorporation tests, quality control tests were performed, evaluating density, viscosity, thixotropy, mechanical strength, contractions, deformation, and water absorption, as well as additional tests such as permeability and thermal expansion. The first phase of the work began with the characterization of the collected waste samples, with progressively less white glaze, to corroborate the proposed reconfiguration of the Centrifuge 2 system and eliminate the presence of white glaze. The results confirmed the negative effects of white enamel on the reincorporation of waste into the ceramic paste. The second phase of the study involved characterizing the incorporation tests with different percentages of dry residue, namely 0,5 %, 1,0 %, 1,5 %, 2,0 %, 5,0 %, and 10,0 % of the ceramic suspension. The results demonstrated that up to 2.0% dry residue incorporation, the properties of the ceramic paste remain within the technical specifications established by the company, ensuring the quality of the final material. With the incorporation of 2,0 % ceramic waste, it is estimated that 4.4 tons of raw materials will be replaced per month, with a monthly savings of approximately 880 €, and a reduction in CO2 emissions of between 3,30 and 4,18 tons per month. In conclusion, this study is highly relevant in today's world due to the importance that the circular economy and sustainability have in the industry, contributing to more efficient
Description
Keywords
Ceramic Industry Slip Vitreous China Circular Economy Waste Centrifuge Indústria cerâmica Barbotina Economia circular Resíduo Centrifugadora