| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.67 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os reservatórios de pressão são utilizados para armazenar um líquido ou um gás. A grande vantagem de utilizar um reservatório de pressão em material compósito em relação aos reservatórios em ligas metálicas e aos que têm um liner, é o seu reduzido peso. Na indústria aeroespacial, o peso é muito valorizado, visto que qualquer redução de peso se torna vantajosa no envio de satélites para a órbita. Nesta dissertação, foi inicialmente realizada uma introdução aos veículos aeroespaciais que são construídos atualmente. Também foram abordados os materiais compósitos associados e processos de fabrico. Foram descritos os diversos reservatórios e os ensaios a que estes são sujeitos para poderem ser implementados num veículo aeroespacial. Durante a operação dos veículos aeroespaciais, o combustível não pode ser absorvido pelo reservatório, nem pode reagir com a matriz do material compósito. Assim sendo, devido à inexistência de um liner, um reservatório do tipo V terá de ser sujeito, entre outros, a ensaios de permeabilidade. Durante este projeto foi desenvolvido um setup que determina a permeabilidade de uma amostra de material compósito representativo de reservatórios do tipo V. O setup baseia-se em colocar uma amostra do reservatório entre duas câmaras e compactar os três componentes. Posteriormente injeta-se o gás, que o reservatório irá armazenar, numa das câmaras do setup. Na outra câmara é medida a variação de pressão com o auxílio de um transdutor de pressão. Após obter os dados do transdutor de pressão da segunda câmara, é possível calcular a permeabilidade da amostra. Nesta dissertação, foram testados alguns materiais com boas características de permeabilidade, foram consideradas alternativas durante o projeto e foram apresentadas as justificações de cada característica que foi incluída no setup. Também foram realizados ensaios de permeabilidade e os resultados obtidos foram analisados. Concluindo, os ensaios realizados tiveram sucesso, o setup foi criado conforme o previsto e está operacional. Os resultados obtidos a partir do setup foram comparados com os dados da literatura e mostraram serem semelhantes.
Pressure vessels are used to store a liquid or a gas. The great advantage of using a pressure vessel made of composite material over pressure vessels made of metal alloys and those that have a liner, is its reduced weight. In the aerospace industry, weight is highly valued, as any reduction in weight is advantageous when sending satellites into orbit. In this dissertation, an introduction was initially made to the aerospace vehicles that are currently built. The associated composite materials and manufacturing processes were also addressed. The various pressure vessels and the tests that they are subjected to be able to be implemented in an aerospace vehicle were described. During the operation of aerospace vehicles, fuel cannot be absorbed by the pressure vessel, nor can it react with the matrix of the composite material. Therefore, due to the lack of a liner, a type V reservoir will have to be subjected, among others, to permeability tests. During this project, a setup was developed that determines the permeability of a sample of composite material representative of type V pressure vessels. The setup is based on placing a sample of the pressure vessel between two chambers and compacting the three components. Afterwards, the gas, which the pressure vessel will store, is injected into one of the setup chambers. In the other chamber, the pressure variation is measured with the aid of a pressure transducer. After obtaining the data from the second chamber pressure transducer, it is possible to calculate the permeability of the sample. In this dissertation, some materials with good permeability characteristics were tested, some alternatives were considered during the design, and the justifications of each characteristic that was included in the setup were presented. Permeability tests were also carried out and the results obtained were analyzed. In conclusion, the tests performed were successful, the setup was created as planned and it is operational. The results obtained from the setup were compared with literature data and showed to be similar.
Pressure vessels are used to store a liquid or a gas. The great advantage of using a pressure vessel made of composite material over pressure vessels made of metal alloys and those that have a liner, is its reduced weight. In the aerospace industry, weight is highly valued, as any reduction in weight is advantageous when sending satellites into orbit. In this dissertation, an introduction was initially made to the aerospace vehicles that are currently built. The associated composite materials and manufacturing processes were also addressed. The various pressure vessels and the tests that they are subjected to be able to be implemented in an aerospace vehicle were described. During the operation of aerospace vehicles, fuel cannot be absorbed by the pressure vessel, nor can it react with the matrix of the composite material. Therefore, due to the lack of a liner, a type V reservoir will have to be subjected, among others, to permeability tests. During this project, a setup was developed that determines the permeability of a sample of composite material representative of type V pressure vessels. The setup is based on placing a sample of the pressure vessel between two chambers and compacting the three components. Afterwards, the gas, which the pressure vessel will store, is injected into one of the setup chambers. In the other chamber, the pressure variation is measured with the aid of a pressure transducer. After obtaining the data from the second chamber pressure transducer, it is possible to calculate the permeability of the sample. In this dissertation, some materials with good permeability characteristics were tested, some alternatives were considered during the design, and the justifications of each characteristic that was included in the setup were presented. Permeability tests were also carried out and the results obtained were analyzed. In conclusion, the tests performed were successful, the setup was created as planned and it is operational. The results obtained from the setup were compared with literature data and showed to be similar.
Description
Keywords
Veículos aeroespaciais Materiais compósitos Projeto mecânico Reservatório de pressão Tipo V Ensaios de permeabilidade Aerospace vehicles Composite materials Mechanical design Pressure vessel Type V Permeability tests