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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como principais objetivos a avaliação da resistência de materiais compósitos reciclados e o estudo da viabilidade da sua reciclagem e reutilização, através de simulações numéricas e experimentais. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma pesquisa profunda sobre os temas inerentes aos objetivos da dissertação com o intuito de aprofundar os conhecimentos na área dos materiais compósitos. Com vista à realização dos ensaios experimentais, foram produzidas quatro placas compósitas de resina termoplástica reforçada com fibra de vidro, através de um processo de infusão a vácuo. Numa das placas, utilizam-se as
sobras de fibra de vidro, obtidas através do processo de corte da mesma, em pedaços com tamanho aleatório para obter um compósito considerado reciclado. Duas placas são reforçadas com fibra de vidro e também com pequenas partículas de PA e de PP, recicladas a partir de componentes automóveis. A outra placa consiste na sobreposição simples de camadas de fibra de vidro, utilizado apenas material virgem. Todas as placas são produzidas com a mesma matriz de resina termoplástica. O processo de produção das placas compósitas foi realizado nas instalações do INEGI, recorrendo ao método de infusão de resina sob ação de vácuo.
Posteriormente, com recurso aos equipamentos do ISEP, procedeu-se à preparação dos provetes e aos ensaios experimentais dos mesmos. Foram realizados ensaios de tração, ensaios de fratura em modo I (com provetes DCB), ensaios de fratura em modo II (com provetes ENF) e ensaios de corte pelo método Block Shear (BS) com vista à caraterização dos quatro tipos de compósitos produzidos. A comparação dos resultados obtidos permite tirar conclusões relativamente à viabilidade da reciclagem e reutilização de compósitos que, em situações normais, seriam desperdiçados. De modo a finalizar o trabalho experimental e fazendo uma ponte com a indústria da energia eólica, realizou-se um caso de estudo baseado numa pá eólica.
No caso de estudo, percebeu-se que a utilização de partículas de fibras de vidro na placa 2 apresenta uma mais-valia, uma vez que os provetes desta placa foram os que obtiveram melhores indicadores quando se relacionaram as propriedades obtidas nos ensaios experimentais com os custos associados ao fabrico do compósito. Tendo em conta um desenvolvimento sustentável, a placa 2 foi a que suscitou um maior interesse neste estudo.
The main objectives of this dissertation are to evaluate the strength of recycled composite materials and to study the feasibility of their recycling and reuse through numerical and experimental simulations. Firstly, an in-depth research was conducted on the topics related to the dissertation's objectives in order to deepen the knowledge in the field of composite materials. For the experimental tests, four composite plates made of thermoplastic resin reinforced with fiberglass were produced through a vacuum infusion process. One of the plates used fiberglass scraps, obtained from the cutting process, in randomly sized pieces to create a composite considered recycled. Two plates are reinforced with fiberglass and also with small particles of PA and PP, recycled from automotive components. The other plate consists of a simple overlay of fiberglass layers, using only virgin material. All plates were produced with the same thermoplastic resin matrix. The production process of the composite plates was carried out at INEGI facilities, using the vacuum resin infusion method. Subsequently, using ISEP equipment, the specimens were prepared and experimentally tested. Tensile tests, mode I fracture tests (with DCB specimens), mode II fracture tests (with ENF specimens), and shear tests using the Block Shear (BS) method were conducted to characterize the four types of composites produced. The comparison of the obtained results allows drawing conclusions regarding the feasibility of recycling and reusing composites that would normally be wasted. In order to finalize the experimental work and connect it with the wind energy industry, a case study based on a wind turbine blade was conducted. In the case study, it was found that the use of fiberglass particles in plate 2 offers an advantage, as the specimens from this plate achieved the best indicators when relating the experimental properties to the associated manufacturing costs of the composite. Considering sustainable development, plate 2 generated the most interest in this study.
The main objectives of this dissertation are to evaluate the strength of recycled composite materials and to study the feasibility of their recycling and reuse through numerical and experimental simulations. Firstly, an in-depth research was conducted on the topics related to the dissertation's objectives in order to deepen the knowledge in the field of composite materials. For the experimental tests, four composite plates made of thermoplastic resin reinforced with fiberglass were produced through a vacuum infusion process. One of the plates used fiberglass scraps, obtained from the cutting process, in randomly sized pieces to create a composite considered recycled. Two plates are reinforced with fiberglass and also with small particles of PA and PP, recycled from automotive components. The other plate consists of a simple overlay of fiberglass layers, using only virgin material. All plates were produced with the same thermoplastic resin matrix. The production process of the composite plates was carried out at INEGI facilities, using the vacuum resin infusion method. Subsequently, using ISEP equipment, the specimens were prepared and experimentally tested. Tensile tests, mode I fracture tests (with DCB specimens), mode II fracture tests (with ENF specimens), and shear tests using the Block Shear (BS) method were conducted to characterize the four types of composites produced. The comparison of the obtained results allows drawing conclusions regarding the feasibility of recycling and reusing composites that would normally be wasted. In order to finalize the experimental work and connect it with the wind energy industry, a case study based on a wind turbine blade was conducted. In the case study, it was found that the use of fiberglass particles in plate 2 offers an advantage, as the specimens from this plate achieved the best indicators when relating the experimental properties to the associated manufacturing costs of the composite. Considering sustainable development, plate 2 generated the most interest in this study.
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Keywords
Composite Recycling Sustainability Compósitos Reciclagem Sustentabilidade