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Projeto mecânico de uma máquina industrial para embalar garrafas
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O crescimento da automação industrial dos processos nas linhas de produção tem impulsionado a necessidade de equipamentos cada vez mais rápidos e eficientes, de modo a garantir elevadas cadências de produção e baixos tempos de ciclo. Neste contexto, nesta dissertação apresenta-se o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo do estágio curricular, que decorreu na empresa acolhedora Pentaline®. O objetivo principal consistiu no projeto mecânico de uma máquina industrial engradadora de garrafas, destinada ao processo de embalamento de garrafas em grades, para posterior paletização e exportação. O desenvolvimento deste equipamento industrial baseou-se em soluções existentes no mercado, adaptando e integrando diferentes conceitos de forma a conceber uma configuração otimizada. O projeto mecânico da engradadora incluiu a modelação tridimensional dos componentes e conjuntos, recorrendo ao Solidworks. Neste trabalho, é apresentada não só a constituição e composição dos conjuntos e sistemas, mas também o dimensionamento de diversos elementos funcionais como motorredutores, polias, correias dentadas e cilindros pneumáticos. A análise e verificação estrutural de componentes críticos foi realizada através de cálculos analíticos, sustentados na regulamentação do Eurocódigo 3. Complementarmente, realizou-se a validação estrutural por métodos numéricos através do ANSYS® Student, com recurso ao Método dos Elementos Finitos. Adicionalmente, executaram-se cálculos para otimização das
soluções estruturais desenvolvidas, sugerindo-se uma nova seleção de perfis, com o objetivo de redução da massa, do custo e do sobredimensionamento do equipamento. Este trabalho resulta assim, na solução do equipamento proposto, do ponto de vista do projeto mecânico, documentando todos os requisitos exigidos e o desenvolvimento e a constituição dos conjuntos e dos sistemas, demonstrado o processo que conduziu à solução final.
The growth of industrial automation in production lines has driven the demand for increasingly faster and more efficient equipment, in order to ensure high production rates and low cycle times. In this context, this dissertation presents the work carried out during the curricular internship, which took place at the host company Pentaline®. The main objective was the mechanical design of an industrial bottle crating machine, designed for the process of packaging bottles into crates for subsequent palletising and export. The development of this industrial equipment was based on existing market solutions, adapting and integrating different concepts to achieve an optimised configuration. The mechanical design of the crating machine included three-dimensional modelling of components and assemblies using Solidworks®. This work presents not only the structure and composition of the assemblies and systems, but also the dimensioning of several functional elements such as geared motors, pulleys, timing belts and pneumatic cylinders. The structural analysis and verification of critical components were performed through analytical calculations, following Eurocode 3. In addition, structural validation was performed using numerical methods through ANSYS® Student, employing the Finite Element Method. Further calculations were performed to optimise the developed structural solutions, suggesting a new selection of profiles, aiming to reduce the mass, the cost and the oversizing of the equipment. This work therefore results in a equipment solution from the perspective of mechanical design, documenting all the required requirements and the development of the structure of assemblies and systems, demonstrating the process that led to the final solution.
The growth of industrial automation in production lines has driven the demand for increasingly faster and more efficient equipment, in order to ensure high production rates and low cycle times. In this context, this dissertation presents the work carried out during the curricular internship, which took place at the host company Pentaline®. The main objective was the mechanical design of an industrial bottle crating machine, designed for the process of packaging bottles into crates for subsequent palletising and export. The development of this industrial equipment was based on existing market solutions, adapting and integrating different concepts to achieve an optimised configuration. The mechanical design of the crating machine included three-dimensional modelling of components and assemblies using Solidworks®. This work presents not only the structure and composition of the assemblies and systems, but also the dimensioning of several functional elements such as geared motors, pulleys, timing belts and pneumatic cylinders. The structural analysis and verification of critical components were performed through analytical calculations, following Eurocode 3. In addition, structural validation was performed using numerical methods through ANSYS® Student, employing the Finite Element Method. Further calculations were performed to optimise the developed structural solutions, suggesting a new selection of profiles, aiming to reduce the mass, the cost and the oversizing of the equipment. This work therefore results in a equipment solution from the perspective of mechanical design, documenting all the required requirements and the development of the structure of assemblies and systems, demonstrating the process that led to the final solution.
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Palavras-chave
Industrial Automation Mechanical Design Industrial Machine Crater Packaging Three-dimensional Modelling Automação industrial Projeto mecânico Máquina industrial Engradadora Embalamento Modelação tridimensional