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Comparative Studies on the Photoreactivity, Efficacy, and Safety of Depigmenting Agents

2024Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
dc.contributor.authorMota, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorRosa, Gonçalo P.
dc.contributor.authorBarreto, Maria Carmo
dc.contributor.authorGarrido, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorSousa, Emília
dc.contributor.authorCruz, Maria T.
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Isabel F.
dc.contributor.authorQuintas, Clara
dc.contributor.authorGarrido, Jorge
dc.contributor.editorMordon, Serge
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-13T15:41:55Z
dc.date.available2025-02-13T15:41:55Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractDepigmenting products are increasingly used to counteract skin hyperpigmentation and related psychosocial issues. This study aimed to compare different depigmenting agents—4-butylresorcinol; bakuchiol; tranexamic acid; ascorbyl glucoside; α-arbutin; and ascorbic acid—for photoreactivity; tyrosinase inhibition; and safety. Photoreactivity was assessed using the Reactive Oxygen Species assay. In vitro tyrosinase inhibition was compared, and cell viability was assessed in B-16V melanocytes to evaluate safety. Results showed 4-butylresorcinol, ascorbyl glucoside, and α-arbutin are non-photoreactive, while for ascorbic acid and bakuchiol it was not possible to reach conclusive results due to the lack of specificity of the ROS assay. 4-Butylresorcinol, acting as a competitive inhibitor, displayed potent tyrosinase inhibition, followed by ascorbic acid and bakuchiol. Both 4-butylresorcinol and bakuchiol reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. The insights obtained in this work support the development of depigmenting products by providing useful scientific guidance on the photostability, tyrosinase inhibitory efficacy, and skin safety of depigmenting agents.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThanks are due to FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for supporting G.P.R.’s grant (SFRH/BD/144446/2019), through national and European funds and co-financed by the European Social Fund through the Regional Operational Programme Centro 2020, as well as to FCT, the European Union, QREN, FEDER, and COMPETE, through funding the cE3c center (FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024) and the LAQV-REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020), and Azores DRCT Pluriannual Funding (M1.1.A/FUNC.UI&D/010/2021-2024). This work is financed by national funds from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences—UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy—i4HB. This work was also financed by COMPETE 2020—Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation and Portuguese national funds via FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects UIDB/04539/2020, UIDP/04539/2020 and LA/P/0058/2020. S. Mota acknowledges her Ph.D. research grant (2022.12487.BD), fully supported by national funding by FCT.
dc.identifier.citationMota, S., Rosa, G. P., Barreto, M. C., Garrido, J., Sousa, E., Cruz, M. T., Almeida, I. F., & Quintas, C. (2024). Comparative Studies on the Photoreactivity, Efficacy, and Safety of Depigmenting Agents. Pharmaceuticals, 17(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010055
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ph17010055
dc.identifier.issn1424-8247
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/29508
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relationUIDB/50006/2020
dc.relationUIDP/50006/2020
dc.relationUIDP/04539/2020
dc.relationUIDP/04378/2020
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/1/55
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectdepigmenting agents
dc.subjectcosmetic
dc.subjectskin pigmentation
dc.subjectphotoreactivity
dc.subjecttyrosinase inhibition
dc.subjectmelanocytes
dc.subjectcytotoxicity
dc.titleComparative Studies on the Photoreactivity, Efficacy, and Safety of Depigmenting Agentseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50006%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.titlePharmaceuticals
oaire.citation.volume17
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameGarrido
person.givenNameJorge
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5348-8431
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0706-8505
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5797-8913
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8981-231X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5397-4672
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9846-6754
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1498-048X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8981-231X
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7202779733
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationf548e711-c68e-4c49-9471-9923c047116d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryf548e711-c68e-4c49-9471-9923c047116d
relation.isProjectOfPublication484b2b57-f7aa-41f2-a5b5-38852a419aec
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery484b2b57-f7aa-41f2-a5b5-38852a419aec

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